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Zersetzung
''Zersetzung'' (German; variously translated as ''decomposition, corrosion, undermining, biodegradation'' or ''dissolution'') was a psychological technique of the East German secret police, the Stasi used to silence political opponents. The "measures of ''Zersetzung''", defined in the framework of a directive on police procedures in 1976,〔Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic. ''Directive No. 1/76 on the Development and Revision of Operational Procedures (Richtlinie Nr. 1/76 zur Entwicklung und Bearbeitung Operativer Vorgänge (OV) )''〕 were used in the context of so-called "operational procedures" (in German ''Operative Vorgänge'' or ''OV''). They replaced the overt terror of the Ulbricht era. The practice of repression in ''Zersetzung'' comprised extensive and secret methods of control and psychological manipulation, including personal relationships of the target, for which the Stasi relied on its network of informal collaborators,〔Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic: (The Unofficial Collaborators (IM) of the MfS )〕 (in German ''inoffizielle Mitarbeiter'' or ''IM''), the State's power over institutions, and on operational psychology. Using targeted psychological attacks the Stasi tried to deprive a dissident of any chance of a "hostile action". The use of ''Zersetzung'' is well documented thanks to numerous Stasi files published after East Germany's Wende. Several thousands or up to 10,000 individuals are estimated to have become victims〔Sonja Süß: ''Repressive Strukturen in der SBZ/DDR – Analyse von Strategien der Zersetzung durch Staatsorgane der DDR gegenüber Bürgern der DDR.'' In: ''Materialien der Enquete-Kommission „Überwindung der Folgen der SED-Diktatur im Prozeß der Deutschen Einheit“. (13. Wahlperiode des Deutschen Bundestages).'' Volume 2: ''Strukturelle Leistungsfähigkeit des Rechtsstaats Bundesrepublik Deutschland bei der Überwindung der Folgen der SED-Diktatur im Prozeß der deutschen Einheit. Opfer der SED-Diktatur, Elitenwechsel im öffentlichen Dienst, justitielle Aufarbeitung.'' Part 1. Nomos-Verlags-Gesellschaft u. a. Baden-Baden 1999, ISBN 3-7890-6354-1, pp. 193–250.〕 5,000 of whom sustained irreversible damage.〔Consider the written position taken by Michael Beleites, responsible for the files of the Stasi in the Free State of Saxony: (PDF ), accessed 24 August 2010, and 3sat : ''(Subtiler Terror – Die Opfer von Stasi-Zersetzungsmethoden )'', accessed 24 August 2010.〕 Pensions for restitution have been created for the victims. ==Definition== The Stasi, or Ministry for State Security (German: Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, MfS) by its full name, defined ''Zersetzung'' in its 1985 dictionary of political operatives as
"...a method of operation by the Ministry for State Security for an efficacious struggle against subversive activities, particularly in the treatment of operations. With ''Zersetzung'' one can influence hostile and negative individuals across different operational political activities, especially the hostile and negative aspects of their dispositions and beliefs, so these are abandoned and changed little by little, and, if applicable, the contradictions and differences between the hostile and negative forces would be laid open, exploited, and reinforced. The goal of ''Zersetzung'' is the fragmentation, paralysis, disorganization, and isolation of the hostile and negative forces, in order to preventatively impede the hostile and negative activities, to largely restrict, or to totally avert them, and if applicable to prepare the ground for a political and ideological reestablishment. ''Zersetzung'' is equally an immediate constitutive element of "operational procedures" and other preventive activities to impede hostile gatherings. The principal forces to execute ''Zersetzung'' are the inofficial collaborators. ''Zersetzung'' presupposes information and significant proof of hostile activities planned, prepared, and accomplished as well as anchor points corresponding to measures of ''Zersetzung''. ''Zersetzung'' must be produced on the basis of a root cause analysis of the facts and the exact definition of a concrete goal. ''Zersetzung'' must be executed in a uniform and supervised manner; its results must be documented. The political explosive force of ''Zersetzung'' heightens demands regarding the maintenance of secrecy."〔Ministry for Security of State, ''Dictionary of political and operational work'', entry ''Zersetzung'': Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (Hrsg.): ''Wörterbuch zur politisch-operativen Arbeit'', 2. Auflage (1985), Stichwort: „Zersetzung“, GVS JHS 001-400/81, .〕
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