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Qianmen () is the colloquial name for Zhengyangmen (; Manchu: Tob šuni duka, meaning "gate of the zenith Sun"), a gate in Beijing's historic city wall. The gate is situated to the south of Tiananmen Square and once guarded the southern entry into the Inner City. Although much of Beijing's city walls were demolished, Qianmen remains an important geographical marker of the city. The city's central north-south axis passes through Zhengyangmen's main gate. It was formerly named Lizhengmen (), meaning "beautiful portal". ==History== Zhengyangmen was first built in 1419 during the Ming Dynasty and once consisted of the gatehouse proper and an archery tower, which were connected by side walls and together with side gates, formed a large barbican. The gate guarded the direct entry into the imperial city. The city's first railway station, known as the Qianmen Station, was built just outside the gate. During the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, the gate sustained considerable damage when the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded the city. The Hui and Dongxiang Muslim Kansu Braves under Muslim General Ma Fulu engaged in fierce fighting during the Battle of Peking (1900) at Zhengyangmen against the Eight Nation Alliance.〔(马福祥--"戎马书生" - 新华网甘肃频道 )〕〔(缅怀中国近代史上的回族将领马福祥将军戎马一生 )〕〔(清末民国间爱国将领马福祥__中国甘肃网 )〕 Ma Fulu and 100 of his fellow Hui and Dongxiang soldiers from his home village died in that battle.〔(董福祥与西北马家军阀的的故事 - 360Doc个人图书馆 )〕〔(抗击八国联军的清军将领——马福禄 - 360Doc个人图书馆 )〕 Ma Fulu's paternal cousins Ma Fugui 馬福貴, Ma Fuquan 馬福全, and his paternal nephews Ma Yaotu 馬耀圖, and Ma Zhaotu 馬兆圖 died in the battle. The gate complex was extensively reconstructed in 1914. The Barbican side gates were torn down in 1915. After the Communist victory in 1949, the Zhengyangmen gatehouse was occupied by the Beijing garrison of the People's Liberation Army. The military vacated the gatehouse in 1980, which has now become a tourist attraction. At 42 metres high, the Zhengyangmen gatehouse was, and remains, the tallest of all gates in Beijing's city wall. Zhengyangmen gatehouse survived the demolition of city walls in the late 1960s during the construction of the Beijing Subway. While others such as the Deshengmen in the north and Dongbianmen in the southeast only have their archery towers standing. Xibianmen retains only part of its barbican. Yongdingmen's gatehouse was rebuilt in 2007. Today, Qianmen Avenue (Dajie) cuts between the Zhengyangmen gatehouse and the archery tower to the south. Line 2's Qianmen Station is also located between the two structures inside the space once surrounded by the barbican. Qianmen remains one of the enduring symbols of old Beijing. Qianmen is also home to Beijing's narrowest hutong, the Qianshi hutong. File:Zhengyangmen menlou.JPG|Gatehouse File:Qianmen Two Towers.jpg|View from Tiananmen Square with the gatehouse (left) and archery tower (right) further south File:Qianmen Gate.jpg|Archery tower viewed from the west File:天安門広場前門裏側6286660.jpg|Archery tower viewed from the north 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zhengyangmen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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