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Zhongjianornis
''Zhongjianornis'' is a genus of beaked, pigeon-sized birds from the early Cretaceous period of China. It is known from one fossil found at Jianchang, Liaoning Province, in rocks of the Jiufotang Formation, representing the type species ''Zhongjianornis yangi''.
The holotype specimen is in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, and the species ''Z. yangi'' is named for the IVPP's founder, Yang Zhongjian.〔Li, D., Sulliven, C., Zhou, Z. and Zhang, Z. (2010). "Basal birds from China: a brief review." ''Chinese Birds'', 1(2): 83-96 〕 This specimen is catalogued under the accession number IVPP V15900. It consists of a complete skeleton, possibly only missing a few tail vertebrae.
==History and classification==
''Z. yangi'' was initially believed to be the most primitive (though not earliest) bird species that completely lacked teeth, and one of the most basal birds known. It was described by Zhou, Zhang and Li, in a paper published in January 2010 (though the paper had appeared on the Internet during 2009).〔Zhou, Z., Zhang, F. and Li, Z. (2010). "A new Lower Cretaceous bird from China and tooth reduction in early avian evolution." ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B'', 277(1679): 219-227. PMID 19586952〕 They found that ''Zhongjianornis'' was more primitive than ''Confuciusornis'', and that it predated the split between euornithean and enantiornithean birds. The authors also reported that ''Zhongjianornis'' shared features with very basal birds like ''Jeholornis'', ''Sapeornis'' and ''Confuciusornis'', including a highly expanded deltopectoral crest, and suggest that this was an early flight architecture that was replaced by an enlarged, keeled breastbone in more advanced birds.
However, later analysis of the anatomy of ''Z. yangi'' cast doubt on this interpretation of the bird as very primitive. Research published in 2012 found that some of the apparently primitive features were due to poor preservation of the bones, and that ''Zhongjianornis'' is more similar in anatomy to primitive euornitheans like ''Chaoyangia'' and ''Schizooura''. A phylogenetic analysis showed that a very primitive position in the bird family tree for ''Z. yangi'' is unlikely given current evidence.〔O'Connor, J.K. and Zhou Z. (2012). "A redescription of ''Chaoyangia beishanensis'' (Aves) and a comprehensive phylogeny of Mesozoic birds." ''Journal of Systematic Palaeontology'', (advance online publication). 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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