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Zhongruan
The ''zhongruan'' (), is a Chinese plucked string instrument. The ''zhongruan'' has a straight neck with 24 frets on the fingerboard and 4 strings. It is usually played with a plectrum (guitar pick). It can also be played with fingers (index finger and thumb with acrylic nails), which is similar to the way of playing the ''pipa'' (琵琶). The ''zhongruan'' is a tenor-ranged instrument in the family of ''ruan'' (阮). In ancient China, the ''ruan'' was called ''Qin pipa'' (Qin () pipa, 秦琵琶) or ''Ruan xian'' (阮咸). Now the ''ruan'' has expanded to different sizes and the ''zhongruan'' is the "medium" one.
==Use==
The default tuning of ''zhongruan'' is G.d.g.d1. It can also be tuned as G.d.a.e1, A.d.a.d1, etc. according to requirements in music scores.〔(中阮的三种定弦方法 ), 京剧论坛, accessed January 4, 2012〕 Since the ''zhongruan'' has a rounded， calm and rich tone, it is usually played as a lead instrument in small ensembles and used to accompany other instruments in Chinese orchestra.〔(Learning Music - Ruan ), Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra, accessed October 20, 2009.〕 It can also be played solo.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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