|
The Zhuang languages (autonym: (pre-1982: , Sawndip: 話僮), from ''vah'' 'language' and ''Cuengh'' 'Zhuang'; ) are any of more than a dozen Tai languages spoken by the Zhuang people of southern China in the province of Guangxi and adjacent parts of Yunnan and Guangdong. The Zhuang languages do not form a monophyletic linguistic unit, as northern and southern Zhuang languages are more closely related to other Tai languages than to each other. Northern Zhuang languages form a dialect continuum with Tai varieties across the provincial border in Guizhou, which are designated as Bouyei, whereas Southern Zhuang languages form another dialect continuum with Nung, Tay and Caolan in Vietnam.〔 p. 370.〕 Standard Zhuang is based on the northern Zhuang dialect of Wuming. The Tai languages are believed to have been originally spoken in what is now southern China, with speakers of the Southwestern Tai languages (which include Thai, Lao and Shan) having emigrated in the face of Chinese expansion. Noting that both the Zhuang and Thai peoples have the same exonym for the Vietnamese, ''kɛɛuA1'',〔A1 designates a tone.〕 from the Chinese commandery of Jiaozhi in northern Vietnam, Jerold A. Edmondson posited that the split between Zhuang and the Southwestern Tai languages happened no earlier than the founding of Jiaozhi in 112 BC. He also argues that the departure of the Thai from southern China must predate the 5th century AD, when the Tai who remained in China began to take family names.〔 (see page 15)〕 ==Surveys== Zhāng Jūnrú's (张均如) ''Zhuàngyǔ Fāngyán Yánjiù'' (壮语方言研究 (Study of Zhuang dialects )) is the most detailed study of Zhuang dialectology published to date. It reports survey work carried out in the 1950s, and includes a 1465-word list covering 36 varieties of Zhuang. For the list of the 36 Zhuang variants below from Zhang (1999), the name of the region (usually county) is given first, followed by the specific village. The phylogenetic position of each variant follows that of Pittayaporn (2009) (see ''Tai languages#Pittayaporn (2009)''). # Wuming – Shuāngqiáo 双桥 – Subgroup M # Hengxian – Nàxù 那旭 – Subgroup N # Yongning (North) – Wǔtáng 五塘 – Subgroup N # Pingguo – Xīnxū 新圩 – Subgroup N # Tiandong – Héhéng 合恒 – Subgroup N # Tianlin – Lìzhōu 利周 – Subgroup N # Lingyue – Sìchéng 泗城 – Subgroup N # Guangnan (Shā people 沙族) – Zhěméng Township 者孟乡 – Subgroup N # Qiubei – Gēhán Township 戈寒乡 – Subgroup N # Liujiang – Bǎipéng 百朋 – Subgroup N # Yishan – Luòdōng 洛东 – Subgroup N # Huanjiang – Chéngguǎn 城管 – Subgroup N # Rong'an – Ānzì 安治 – Subgroup N # Longsheng – Rìxīn 日新 – Subgroup N # Hechi – Sānqū 三区 – Subgroup N # Nandan – Mémá 么麻 – Subgroup N # Donglan – Chéngxiāng 城厢 – Subgroup N # Du'an – Liùlǐ 六里 – Subgroup N # Shanglin – Dàfēng 大丰 – Subgroup N # Laibin – Sìjiǎo 寺脚 – Subgroup N # Guigang – Shānběi 山北 – Subgroup N # Lianshan – Xiǎosānjiāng 小三江 – Subgroup N # Qinzhou – Nàhé Township 那河乡 – Subgroup I # Yongning (South) – Xiàfāng Township 下枋乡 – Subgroup M # Long'an – Xiǎolín Township 小林乡 – Subgroup M # Fusui (Central) – Dàtáng Township 大塘乡 – Subgroup M # Shangsi – Jiàodīng Township 叫丁乡 – Subgroup C # Chongzuo – Fùlù Township 福鹿乡 – Subgroup C # Ningming – Fēnghuáng Township 凤璜乡 – Subgroup B # Longzhou – Bīnqiáo Township 彬桥乡 – Subgroup F # Daxin – Hòuyì Township 后益乡 – Subgroup H # Debao – Yuándì'èrqū 原第二区 – Subgroup L # Jingxi – Xīnhé Township 新和乡 – Subgroup L # Guangnan (Nóng people 侬族) – Xiǎoguǎngnán Township 小广南乡 – Subgroup L # Yanshan (Nóng people 侬族) – Kuāxī Township 夸西乡 – Subgroup L # Wenma (Tǔ people 土族) – Hēimò Township 黑末乡大寨, Dàzhài – Subgroup P 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zhuang languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|