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Soule
Soule (Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; Gascon: ''Sola'') is a former viscounty and French province and part of the present day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département''. It is divided into two cantons of the arrondissement (district) of Oloron-Sainte-Marie (Mauleon-Licharre and Tardets-Sorholus), and a part of the canton of Saint Palais (arrondissement of Bayonne).
Its provincial capital is Mauléon, which fused with Licharre in 1841 to form "Mauléon-Licharre", but today is often known as "Mauléon-Soule". Historically, Soule is the smallest province of the Basque Country (785 km2.). Its population has been decreasing (23,803 in 1901; 16,006 in 1990; 15,535 in 1999).
== Etymology ==
The territory is named ''Xiberoa'' in Souletin Basque, ''Zuberoa'' in standard Basque, ''Sola'' in Gascon and ''Soule'' in French; all of them derivate from ''Subola'', previous name of the region attested for the first time in the year 635 in the diaries of a Franco-Burgundian expedition led by Duke Arnebert against the Basques. ''Subola'' comes from the name the Romans gave to the Aquitani tribe that inhabited the region by the time of their arrival, the Suburates, also called ''Sibusates'' by Julius Caesar in his ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' and ''Sybillates'' by Pliny the Elder.〔Jacques Lemoine, ''Toponymie du Pays Basque Français et des Pays de l'Adour'', Picard 1977, ISBN 2-7084-0003-7〕
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