|
Zürich or Zurich (, German Standard German ''Zürich'' (:ˈtsyːʁɪç), Swiss Standard German ''Zürich'' (:ˈtsʏrɪç), Swiss German: ''Züri'' , (:zyʁik), (: *dzuˈriːɡo), (:tuˈritɕ)) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zürich entry at the Swiss Tourist Board )〕 at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. The municipality has approximately 400,028 inhabitants, the urban agglomeration 1.315 million, and the Zurich metropolitan area 1.83 million. Zürich is a hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. Both Zürich Airport and railway station are the largest and busiest in the country. Permanently settled for around 2000 years, Zürich has a history that goes back to its founding by the Romans, who, in 15 BC, called it ''Turicum''. However, early settlements have been found dating back more than 6400 years ago. During the Middle Ages Zürich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and, in 1519, became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Ulrich Zwingli. The official language of Zürich is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. Zürich is a leading global city and among the world's largest financial centres despite a relatively low population.〔(World's 10 Most Powerful Cities ) prlog.org. Retrieved 10 March 2010〕 The city is home to a large number of financial institutions and banking giants. Most of Switzerland's research and development centres are concentrated in Zürich and the low tax rates attract overseas companies to set up their headquarters there. Monocle's 2012 "Quality of Life Survey" ranked Zürich first on a list of the top 25 cities in the world "to make a base within".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Web-Articles/The-Monocle-Quality-of-Life-Survey-2012/ )〕 According to several surveys from 2006 to 2008, Zürich was named the city with the best quality of life in the world as well as the wealthiest city in Europe.〔Mercer – (Quality of Living global city rankings 2009 – Mercer survey ), 28 April 2009〕 The Economist Intelligence Unit's Global Liveability Ranking〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eiu.com/public/thankyou_download.aspx?activity=download&campaignid=Liveability2015 )〕 sees Zürich rank among the top ten most liveable cities in the world. Many museums and art galleries can be found in the city, including the Swiss National Museum and the Kunsthaus.〔(Museums and galleries ) zurich-relocation.ch. Retrieved 10 March 2010〕 Schauspielhaus Zürich is one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world.〔(Zurich Culture ) worldtravelguide.net. Retrieved 10 March 2010〕 ==Name== The Swiss standard German pronunciation of the name is . In Zürich German without the final consonant, ''Züri'' , although the adjective remains ''Zürcher'' . The city is called ''Zurich'' (:zyʁik) in French, ''Zurigo'' (:dzuˈriːɡo) in Italian,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zurigo: Switzerland )〕 and ''Turitg'' (:tuˈritɕ) in Romansh. In English, the name is usually written ''Zurich'', without the umlaut. It is pronounced () or (); more recently sometimes also with as in German. The earliest known form of the city's name is ''Turicum'', attested on a tombstone of the late 2nd century AD in the form ''STA(tio) TURICEN(sis)'' ("Turicum tax post"). Neither the name's linguistic origin (most likely Rhaetic or Celtic) nor its meaning can be determined with certainty. A possibility is derivation from '' *Turīcon'', from the Gaulish personal name ''Tūros''.〔Andres Kristol, ''Zürich ZH (Zürich)'' in: ''Dictionnaire toponymique des communes suisses – Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen – Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri (DTS|LSG)'', Centre de dialectologie, University of Neuchâtel, Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld/Stuttgart/Wien 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5 und Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, ISBN 2-601-03336-3, p. 992f.〕 The Latin stress on the long vowel of the Gaulish name, , was lost in German but is preserved in Italian ''Zurigo'' and in Romansh ''Turitg'' . A first development towards its later, Germanic form is attested as early as the 6th century with the form ''Ziurichi''. From the 10th century onward, the name has more or less clearly been established as ''Zürich'' (''Zurih'' (857), Zürich (924)).〔''Zürcher Ortsnamen – Entstehung und Bedeutung'', H. Kläuli, V. Schobinger, Zürcher Kantonalbank (1989), p. 109.〕 Zürich is sometimes referred to as "Downtown Switzerland" for publicity reasons. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zürich」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|