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Zygomycota
Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a phylum of fungi. The name comes from zygosporangia, where resistant spherical spores are formed during sexual reproduction. Approximately 1050 species are known. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. Some are parasites of plants, insects, and small animals, while others form symbiotic relationships with plants.〔. Raven, P. H., Evert, R. F., & Eichhorn, S. E. (2005). Fungi. In Biology of plants (pp/ 268-269). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.〕 Zygomycete hyphae may be coenocytic, forming septa only where gametes are formed or to wall off dead hyphae.
==Cell wall==
Zygomycetes exhibit a special structure of cell wall. Most fungi have chitin as structural polysaccharide, while zygomycetes synthesize chitosan, the deacetylated homopolymer of chitin. Chitin is built of β-1,4 bonded N- acetyl glucosamine. Fungal hyphae grow at the tip. Therefore, specialized vesicles, the chitosomes, bring precursors of chitin and its synthesizing enzyme, chitin synthetase (EC 2.4.1.16), to the outside of the membrane by exocytosis. The enzyme on the membrane catalyzes glycosidic bond formations from the nucleotide sugar substrate, Uridine diphospho-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The nascent polysaccharide chain is then cleaved by the enzyme chitin deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.41). The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the N-acetamido group in chitin. After this the chitosan polymer chain forms micro fibrils. These fibers are embedded in an amorphous matrix consisting of proteins, glucans (which putatively cross-link the chitosan fibers), mannoproteins, lipids and other compounds.〔Gow N. A.R., Gadd G. M.; “The growing fungus”, Chapman & Hall, London, 1995〕〔Carlile M. J., Watkinson S. C., Gooday G. W.; “The Fungi”, Elsevier Academic Press, London, 2006, second Edition〕
Cell wall structure of Fungi
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