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Zymomonas mobilis
''Zymomonas mobilis'' is a Gram negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating, polarly-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. It is the only species found in the genus ''Zymomonas''.〔 It has notable bioethanol-producing capabilities, which surpass yeast in some aspects. It was originally isolated from alcoholic beverages like the African palm wine, the Mexican pulque, and also as a contaminant of cider and beer (cider sickness and beer spoilage) in European countries.
==Beer spoilage==
''Zymomonas'' is a waterborne unwanted bacteria in beer, creating an estery-sulfury flavour due to the production of acetaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide. This can be likened to a rotten apple smell or fruity odor. ''Zymomonas'' have not been reported in lager breweries due to the low temperatures (8–12°C) and stringent carbohydrate requirements (able to ferment only sucrose, glucose, and fructose). It is commonly found in cask-conditioned ales where priming sugar is used to carbonate the beer. The optimum growth temperature is 25 to 30 degrees Celsius.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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