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abhuman
Abhuman is a term used to distinguish a separation from normal human existence. This is different from ''inhuman'', which typically connotes an ethical or moral separation from others.
The term was used by William Hope Hodgson in his novel ''The Night Land'' and his Carnacki stories.〔Claire Valier, (''Crime and Punishment in Contemporary Culture'' ) page 121 (Routledge, 2004), .〕〔Kelly Hurley, ''The Gothic Body: Sexuality, Materialism, and Degeneration at the Fin de Siècle'' (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 168.〕〔Roger Luckhurst, (''The Invention of Telepathy: 1870-1901'' ) page 188 (Oxford University Press, 2002).〕 Similar concepts, although not the term itself, also appear in the works of Arthur Conan Doyle, Rudyard Kipling, and Bram Stoker among other notable modernist American and British authors.〔Jerrold E. Hogle, (''The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction'' ) page 190 (Cambridge University Press, 2002).〕
In literary studies of Gothic fiction, abhuman refers to a "Gothic body" or something that is only vestigially human and possibly in the process of becoming something monstrous,〔 such as a vampire〔Peter Day, (''Vampires: Myths and Metaphors of Enduring Evil'' ) page 22 (Rodopi, 2006).〕 or werewolf.〔Chantal Bourgault Du Coudray, (''The Curse of the Werewolf: Fantasy, Horror and the Beast Within'' ) page 132 (I.B.Tauris, 2006).〕 Kelly Hurley writes that the "abhuman subject is a not-quite-human subject, characterized by its morphic variability, continually in danger of becoming not-itself, becoming other."〔Kelly Hurley, ''The Gothic Body: Sexuality, Materialism, and Degeneration at the Fin de Siècle'' (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 3. This quotation also appears in Robert Eaglestone, (''Reading The Lord of the Rings: New Writings on Tolkien's Classic'' ) page 55 (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006).〕
Allan Lloyd Smith writes that among "the sources of abhuman Gothic horror for many writers at this time were the urban squalor and misery of overcrowded cities..."〔Allan Lloyd Smith, (''American Gothic Fiction: An Introduction'' ) page 114 (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004).〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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