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Aciclovir (ACV), also known as acyclovir and acycloguanosine, is an antiviral medication. It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. Other uses include prevention of cytomegalovirus infections following transplant and infections due to Epstein-Barr virus. It is available by mouth and intravenously.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/acyclovir.html )〕 Common side effects include nausea and diarrhea. Potentially serious side effects include kidney problems and low platelets. Greater care is recommended in those with poor liver or kidney function.〔 It is generally considered safe for use in pregnancy with no harms having been observed.〔 It is safe during breastfeeding.〔 Aciclovir is a nucleic acid analogue made from guanosine. It works by decreasing the making of the virus's DNA.〔 The discovery of aciclovir was announced in 1977. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication and is marketed under many brand names worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/international/aciclovir.html )〕 The wholesale cost is between 0.03 and 0.12 USD per dose.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=ACI400T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=400%20mg&desc=Aciclovir&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=06%2E4%2E1%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2806%2E4%2E1%2E%29Antiherpes%20medicines%3Cbr%3E )〕 In the United States it is not very expensive at about 0.50 USD per dose.〔 ==Medical use== Aciclovir is used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infections, including:〔 * Genital herpes simplex (treatment and prevention) * Herpes simplex labialis (cold sores) * Shingles * Acute chickenpox in immunocompromised patients * Herpes simplex encephalitis * Acute mucocutaneous HSV infections in immunocompromised patients * Herpes of the eye and herpes simplex blepharitis (a chronic (long-term) form of herpes eye infection) * Prevention of herpes viruses in immunocompromised people (such as people undergoing cancer chemotherapy) Oral aciclovir, however, does not appear to decrease the risk of pain after shingles. In those with herpes of the eye, aciclovir was found to be more effective than idoxuridine or vidarabine in relative number of successfully healed eyes. Intravenous aciclovir is effective to treat severe medical conditions caused by different species of herpes virus family includes severe localized infections of herpes virus, severe genital herpes, chickenpox & encephalitis. It is also effective in systemic or traumatic herpes infections, eczema herpeticum and ''Herpes simplex'' meningitis. Reviews of research dating from the 1980s show there is some effect in reducing the number and duration of lesions if aciclovir is applied at an early stage of an outbreak.〔 – Editorial〕 Recent research shows effectiveness of topical Aciclovir in both the early and late stages of the outbreak as well as improving methodologically and in terms of statistical certainty from previous studies.〔http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC127288/〕 Aciclovir trials show that this agent has no role in preventing HIV transmission, but it can help slow HIV disease progression in people not taking anti-retroviral therapy (ART). This finding emphasizes the importance of testing simple, inexpensive non-ART strategies, such as aciclovir and cotrimoxazole, in people with HIV. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「aciclovir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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