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acorus
''Acorus'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants. This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids), but more recent classifications place it in its own family Acoraceae and order Acorales, of which it is the sole genus of the oldest surviving line of monocots. The exact relationship of ''Acorus'' to other monocots, however, is still debated by scientists. Some studies indicate that it is placed in a lineage (the order Alismatales), that also includes aroids (Araceae), Tofieldiaceae, and several families of aquatic monocots (e.g., Alismataceae, Posidoniaceae). Common names include Calamus and Sweet Flag.
The name 'acorus' is derived from the Greek word 'acoron', a name used by Dioscorides, which in turn was derived from 'coreon', meaning 'pupil', because it was used in herbal medicine as a treatment for inflammation of the eye.
The genus is native to North America and northern and eastern Asia, and naturalised in southern Asia and Europe from ancient cultivation.〔〔Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕〔(Flora of North America: ''Acorus'' )〕〔(Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 1, 菖蒲属 chang pu shu, ''Acorus'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 324. 1753. )〕〔Boyce, P.C., Sookchaloem, D., Hetterscheid, W.L.A., Gusman, G., Jacobsen, N., Idei, T. & Nguyen, V.D. (2012). Flora of Thailand 11(2): 101-325. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.〕〔〔Nooteboom, H.P. (ed.) (2011). Flora Malesiana 20: 1-61. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.〕 The known wild populations are diploid except for some tetraploids in eastern Asia, while the cultivated plants are sterile triploids, probably of hybrid origin between the diploid and tetraploid forms.
==Taxonomy==
Although the family Acoraceae was originally described in 1820, since then ''Acorus'' has traditionally been included in Araceae in most classification systems, as in the Cronquist system. The family has recently been resurrected as molecular systematic studies have shown that ''Acorus'' is not closely related to Araceae or any other monocot family, leading plant systematists to place the genus and family in its own order. This placement currently lacks support from traditional plant morphology studies, and some taxonomists still place it as a subfamily of Araceae, in the order Alismatales. The APG II system recognizes order Acorales, distinct from the Alismatales, and as the sister group to all other monocots.
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