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actinin
Actinin is a microfilament protein. α-Actinin is necessary for the attachment of actin filaments to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells, and to the dense bodies in smooth muscle cells. The functional protein is an anti-parallel dimer, which cross-links the thin filaments in adjacent sarcomeres, and therefore coordinates contractions between sarcomeres in the horizontal axis.
The non-sarcomeric α-actinins, encoded by ACTN1 and ACTN4, are widely expressed. ACTN2 expression is found in both cardiac and skeletal muscle, whereas ACTN2 is limited to the latter. Both ends of the rod-shaped α-actinin dimer contain actin-binding domains.
Mutations in ACTN4 can cause the kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
==See also==
* Actin
* Muscle contraction
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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