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Aedile ((ラテン語:Aedilis), from ''aedes,'' "temple building") was an office of the Roman Republic. Based in Rome, the aediles were responsible for maintenance of public buildings (''aedēs'') and regulation of public festivals. They also had powers to enforce public order. There were two pairs of aediles. Two were ''aediles plebis'' and were held only by plebs; the other two were called the ''aediles curules'' and these were open to both the plebs and to patricians. An aedilis curulis was classified as a ''magister curulis''. The office of the aedilis was generally held by young men intending to follow the cursus honorum to high political office, traditionally after their quaestorship but before their praetorship. It was not a compulsory part of the cursus honorum, and hence a former quaestor could be elected to the praetorship without having held the position of aedilis. However, it was an advantageous position to hold because it demonstrated the aspiring politician's commitment to public service, as well as giving him the opportunity to hold public festivals and games, an excellent way to increase his name recognition and popularity. ==History of the office== They were created in the same year as the Tribunes of the People (494 BC). Originally intended as assistants to the tribunes, they guarded the rights of the plebs with respect to their headquarters, the Temple of Ceres. Subsequently, they assumed responsibility for maintenance of the city's buildings as a whole.〔McCullough, 938〕 Their duties at first were simply ministerial. They were the assistants to the tribunes in whatever matters that the tribunes might entrust to them, although most matters with which they were entrusted were of minimal importance. Around 446 BC, they were given the authority to care for the decrees of the senate (''senatus consulta''). When a ''senatus consultum'' was passed, it would be transcribed into a document, and deposited in the public treasury, the ''Aerarium''. They were given this power because the Roman Consuls, who had held this power before, arbitrarily suppressed and altered the documents.〔Liv. III.55〕 They also maintained the acts of the Plebeian Council (popular assembly), the "plebiscites". Plebiscites, once passed, were also transcribed into a physical document for storage. While their powers grew over time, it is not always easy to distinguish the difference between their powers, and those of the Roman Censors. Occasionally, if a Censor was unable to carry out one of his tasks, an Aedile would perform the task instead. According to Livy (vi. 42), after the passing of the Licinian rogations in 367 BC, an extra day was added to the Roman games; the aediles refused to bear the additional expense, whereupon the patricians offered to undertake it, on condition that they were admitted to the aedileship. The plebeians accepted the offer, and accordingly two ''curule'' aediles were appointed—at first from the patricians alone, then from patricians and plebeians in turn, lastly, from either—at the Tribal Assembly under the presidency of the consul.〔 Curule Aediles, as formal magistrates, held certain honors that Plebeian Aediles (who were not technically magistrates), did not hold. Besides having the right to sit on a Curule Chair (''sella curulis'') and to wear a toga praetexta, the Curule Aediles also held the power to issue edicts (''jus edicendi''). These edicts often pertained to matters such as the regulation of the public markets, or what we might call "economic regulation".〔Cic. Verr. V.14〕 Livy suggests, perhaps incorrectly, that both Curule as well as Plebeian Aediles were sacrosanct.〔 Although the curule aediles always ranked higher than the plebeian, their functions gradually approximated and became practically identical.〔 Within five days after the beginning of their terms, the four Aediles (two Plebeian, two Curule) were required to determine, by lot or by agreement among themselves, what parts of the city each should hold jurisdiction over.〔Tabul. Heracl. ed. Mazoch〕 There was a distinction between the two sets of Aediles when it came to public festivals. Some festivals were Plebeian in nature, and thus were under the superintendence of Plebeian Aediles.〔Liv. XXXI.56〕 Other festivals were supervised exclusively by the Curule Aediles,〔Liv. XXXI.50〕 and it was often with these festivals that the Aediles would spend lavishly. This was often done so as to secure the support of voters in future elections. Because Aediles were not reimbursed for any of their public expenditures, most individuals who sought the office were independently wealthy. Since this office was a stepping stone to higher office and the Senate, it helped to ensure that only wealthy individuals (mostly landowners) would win election to high office. These extravagant expenditures began shortly after the end of Second Punic War, and increased as the spoils returned from Rome's new eastern conquests. Even the decadence of the emperors rarely surpassed that of the Aediles under the Republic, as could have been seen during Julius Caesar's Aedileship.〔Plut. Caesar, 5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「aedile」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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