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afternoon
Afternoon is the time of the day between noon and evening. It is the time when the sun is descending from its zenith in the sky to somewhat before its terminus at the horizon in the west direction. In human life, it occupies roughly the latter half of the standard work and school day. It is also associated with a number of concerns related to health, safety, and economic productivity: generally, the early afternoon, after most people have eaten lunch, corresponds to decreased work performance, decreased alertness, and a higher incidence of motor vehicle accidents.
== Terminology ==
Afternoon is the time occurring between noon and evening.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/afternoon )〕 The specific range of time this encompasses varies in one direction: noon is currently defined as a constant 12:00 pm,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/noon )〕 but when afternoon ends is dependent on when evening begins, for which there is no standard definition.〔 However, before a period of transition from the twelfth to fourteenth centuries, ''noon'' instead referred to 3 pm—possible explanations include shifting times for prayers and midday meals, along which one concept of ''noon'' was defined—and so ''afternoon'' would have referred to a narrower timeframe. Additionally, Nicholas Moss has stated that afternoon lasts from 12 pm to 4pm at which time evening begins. This has since been countered by Stuart Brookes who argues 16:01 "is not evening". This debate is yet to be settled.
The word ''afternoon'', which derives from ''after'' and ''noon'', has been attested from about the year 1300; Middle English contained both ''afternoon'' and the synonym ''aftermete''. The standard locative marking for the word was ''at afternoon'' in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries but has shifted to ''in the afternoon'' since then. In Southern U.S. and Midland American English, the word ''evening'' is sometimes used to encompass all times between noon and night.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Evening )〕 The Irish language contains four different words to mark time intervals from late afternoon to nightfall, this period being considered mystical. Metaphorically, the word ''afternoon'' refers to a relatively late period in the expanse of time or in one's life.〔
The term should not be confused with "after noon" (two separate words), which is a translation of the Latin ''post meridiem'' (p.m.), meaning a time between 12:00 midday and 12:00 midnight.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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