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The Alans, or the Alani, occasionally termed Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity. The name ''Alan'' is an Iranian dialectical form of ''Aryan'', a common self-designation of the Indo-Iranians.〔 Possibly related to the Massagetae, the Alans have been connected by modern historians with the Central Asian Yancai and Aorsi of Chinese and Roman sources respectively. Having migrated westwards and become dominant among the Sarmatians on the Pontic Steppe, they are mentioned by Persian and Roman sources in the 1st century AD.〔 At the time they had settled the region north of the Black Sea, and frequently raided the Parthian Empire and the Caucasian provinces of the Roman Empire.〔 In 215-250 AD their power on the Pontic Steppe was broken by the Goths.〔 Upon the Hunnic defeat of the Goths on the Pontic Steppe around 375 AD, many of the Alans migrated westwards along with various Germanic tribes. They crossed the Rhine in 406 AD along with the Vandals and Suebi, settling in Orléans and Valence. Around 409 AD they joined the Vandals and Suebi in the crossing of the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula, settling in Lusitania and Carthaginiensis. The Iberian Alans were soundly defeated by the Visigoths 418 AD, and subsequently surrendered their authority to the Hasdingi Vandals. In 428 AD, the Vandals and Alans crossed the Strait of Gibraltar into North Africa, where they founded a powerful kingdom which lasted until its conquest by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century AD.〔 The Alans who remained under Hunnic rule founded a powerful kingdom in the North Caucasus in the Middle Ages, which ended with the Mongol invasions in the 13th century AD. These Alans are said to be the ancestors of the modern Ossetians.〔 The Alans spoke an Eastern Iranian language which derived from Scytho-Sarmatian and which in turn evolved into modern Ossetian.〔〔For ethnogenesis, see Walter Pohl, "Conceptions of Ethnicity in Early Medieval Studies" ''Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings'', ed. Lester K. Little and Barbara H. Rosenwein, (Blackwell), 1998, pp 13–24) ((On-line text )).〕 ==Name== The various forms of ''Alan'' — (ギリシア語:Ἀλανοί), ''Alanoi''; Chinese: 阿蘭聊 ''Alanliao'' (Pinyin) in the 2nd century,〔(The ''Hou Hanshu'' )〕 阿蘭 ''Alan'' (Pinyin) in the 3rd century〔(The ''Weilüe'' )〕 — and ''Iron'' (a self-designation of the Alans' modern Ossetian descendants, indicating early tribal self-designation) and later Alanguo (阿蘭國)〔Kozin, S.A., Sokrovennoe skazanie, M.-L., 1941. p.83-4〕 are Iranian dialectal forms of ''Aryan''.〔 These and other variants of ''Aryan'' (such as ''Iran''), were common self-designations of the Indo-Iranians, the common ancestors of the Indo-Aryans and Iranian peoples to whom the Alans belonged. The Alans were also known over the course of their history by another group of related names including the variations ''Asi'', ''As'', and ''Os'' (Romanian Iasi, Bulgarian ''Uzi'', Hungarian ''Jász'', Russian ''Jasy'', Georgian ''Osi''). It is this name that is the root of the modern ''Ossetian''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「alans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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