|
}} | national_anthem = | image_flag = Flag of Albania.svg | image_coat = Albania state emblem.svg | symbol_type = Coat of arms | image_map = Europe-Albania.svg | map_caption = | official_languages = Albaniana | capital = Tirana | latd=41 |latm=20 |latNS=N |longd=19 |longm=48 |longEW=E | largest_city = capital | demonym = Albanian | government_type = Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic | ethnic_groups = | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Bujar Nishani | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Edi Rama | leader_title3 = Chairman of the Parliament | leader_name3 = Ilir Meta | legislature = ''Kuvendi'' | area_rank = 143rd | area_km2 = 28748 | area_sq_mi = 11100 | percent_water = 4.7 | population_estimate = 2,893,005〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population Of Albania 1 January 2015 )〕 | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_census = 2,821,977〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.instat.gov.al/en/themes/population/publications/books/2012/main-results-of-population-and-housing-census-2011.aspx )〕 | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 98 | population_density_sq_mi = 254 | population_density_rank = 63rd | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP = $32.259 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,700〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal = $14.520 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,261〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = | Gini = 34.5 | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = increase | HDI = 0.716 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 95th | sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = Principality of Arbanon | established_date1 = 1190 | established_event2 = Anjou Kingdom of Albania | established_date2 = February 1272 | established_event3 = Princedom of Albania | established_date3 = 1368 | established_event4 = League of Lezhë | established_date4 = 2 March 1444 | established_event5 = Independence from the Ottoman Empire | established_date5 = 28 November 1912 | established_event6 = Principality of Albania (recognized) | established_date6 = 29 July 1913 | established_event7 = Albanian Republic (the 1st republic) | established_date7 = 31 January 1925 | established_event8 = Albanian Kingdom | established_date8 = 1 September 1928 | established_event9 = Albania (under Italy & Nazi Germany) | established_date9 = 7 April 1939 29 November 1944 | established_event10 = People's Republic of Albania (the 2nd republic) | established_date10 = 11 January 1946 | established_event11 = People's Socialist Republic of Albania (the 3rd republic) | established_date11 = 28 December 1976 | established_event12 = Republic of Albania (the 4th republic)/ | established_date12 = 29 April 1991 28 November 1998 | currency = Lek | currency_code = ALL | country_code = AL | time_zone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | drives_on = right | calling_code = 355 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | cctld = .al | footnote_a = Aromanian, Greek, Macedonian, and other regional languages are government-recognized minority languages. }} Albania (, , or sometimes , ; (アルバニア語:Shqipëri/Shqipëria); ), officially known as the Republic of Albania ((アルバニア語:Republika e Shqipërisë); (:ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːs)), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which connects the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea. Albania is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization. It is one of the founding members of the Energy Community, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and the Union for the Mediterranean. It is also an official candidate for membership in the European Union. The modern-day territory of Albania was at various points in history part of the Roman provinces of Dalmatia (southern Illyricum), Macedonia (particularly Epirus Nova), and Moesia Superior. The modern Republic became independent after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in Europe following the Balkan Wars.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Central Intelligence Agency )〕 Albania declared independence in 1912 and was recognized the following year. It then became a Principality, Republic, and Kingdom until being invaded by Italy in 1939, which formed Greater Albania. The latter eventually turned into a Nazi German protectorate in 1943.〔Zolo, D. ''Invoking Humanity: War, Law and Global Order'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 27 August 2002, 224 pages. p. 180 ()〕 The following year, a socialist People's Republic was established under the leadership of Enver Hoxha and the Party of Labour. Albania experienced widespread social and political transformations during the communist era, as well as isolationism from much of the international community. In 1991, the Socialist Republic was dissolved and the Republic of Albania was established. Albania is a parliamentary republic. As of 2011, the capital, Tirana, was home to 421,286 of the country's 2,893,005〔 people within the city limits, 763,634 in the metropolitan area. Tirana is also the financial capital of the country. Free-market reforms have opened the country to foreign investment, especially in the development of energy and transportation infrastructure.〔Reports: Poverty Decreases In Albania After Years Of Growth. Dow Jones Newswires, 201-938-5500 201-938-5500 201-938-5500.(Nasdaq.com )〕〔Albania plans to build three hydropower plants. People's Daily〕〔Strong GDP growth reduces poverty in Albania-study. Reuters.(Forbes.com ) 〕 Albania has a high HDI〔 and provides a universal health care system and free primary and secondary education. Albania is an upper-middle income economy (WB, IMF)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The world bank )〕 with the service sector dominating the country's economy, followed by the industrial sector and agriculture. == Etymology == ''Albania'' is the Medieval Latin name of the country, which is called ''Shqipëri'' by its people, from Medieval Greek Ἀλβανία ''Albania'', besides variants ''Albanitia'' or ''Arbanitia''. The name may be derived from the Illyrian tribe of the Albani recorded by Ptolemy, the geographer and astronomer from Alexandria who drafted a map in 150 AD〔Madrugearu A, Gordon M. The wars of the Balkan Peninsula. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. p. 146.〕 that shows the city of Albanopolis (located northeast of Durrës). The name may have a continuation in the name of a medieval settlement called Albanon and Arbanon, although it is not certain this was the same place.〔The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 978-0-631-19807-9, page 279,"We cannot be certain that the Arbanon of Anna Comnena is the same as Albanopolis of the Albani, a place located on the map of Ptolemy (3.12)"〕 In his ''History'' written in 1079–1080, the Byzantine historian Michael Attaliates was the first to refer to ''Albanoi'' as having taken part in a revolt against Constantinople in 1043 and to the ''Arbanitai'' as subjects of the Duke of Dyrrachium.〔Robert Elsei. ''The Albanian lexicon of Dion Von Kirkman. Earliest reference to the existence of the Albanian language'', pp. 113–122.〕 During the Middle Ages, the Albanians called their country ''Arbëri'' or ''Arbëni'' and referred to themselves as Arbëresh or ''Arbënesh''.〔(Pinocacozza.it ) 〕 As early as the 17th century the placename ''Shqipëria'' and the ethnic demonym ''Shqiptarë'' gradually replaced ''Arbëria'' and ''Arbëresh''. The two terms are popularly interpreted as "Land of the Eagles" and "Children of the Eagles".〔Kristo Frasheri. ''History of Albania (A Brief Overview)''. Tirana, 1964.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「albania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|