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albarello
An albarello (plural: ''albarelli'') is a type of maiolica earthenware jar, originally a medicinal jar designed to hold apothecaries' ointments and dry drugs. The development of this type of pharmacy jar had its roots in the Middle East during the time of the Islamic conquests.
==History==
The etymology of the word is not clear. Some scholars consider the Latin word ''"albaris"'' with the meaning of "whitish"〔Max Pfister, ''Lessico etimologico italiano'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 1979〕 while others criticize this interpretation as such recipients were originally manufactured in wood.〔Enrico Bianchi, ''Lingua Nostra I'', 1939 (pag. 77)〕〔Angelico Prati, ''Vocabolario etimologico italiano'', Garzanti, 1951〕 Parchment was white, or bleached white, so that the contents of the jar could be written upon it. The parchment would overlap the upper half of the jar in order to be affixed with a cord and properly seal the contents.
Brought to Italy by Hispano-Moresque traders, the earliest Italian examples were produced in Florence in the 15th century. ''Albarelli'' were made in Italy from the first half of the 15th century through to the late 18th century and beyond. Based on Persian designs said to emulate bamboo (the traditional manufacturing material), the jars are usually cylindrical with a slightly concave waist. Variations in size and style can be seen from region to region, ranging from 10 cm to 40 cm in height. Such jars served both functional and decorative purposes in traditional apothecaries and pharmacies, and represented status and wealth. The jars were generally sealed with a piece of parchment or leather tied with a piece of cord.
The maiolica potter's preoccupation with ornamentation and design is nowhere more in evidence than on albarelli during the Renaissance. Common design themes include floral motifs against a white background, to more elaborate designs such as portraits of a cherub or priest, and can include a label describing the contents of the jar. Specific styles of decoration are now associated with various Italian locations, including Florence, Venice, Gerace and Palermo in Sicily.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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