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Almeh ( ' ; the peasant pronunciation is ' or ', plural ' , from ', from "to know, be learned") was the name of a class of courtesans or female entertainers in Arab Egypt, women educated to sing and recite classical poetry and to discourse wittily, connected by musician Alain Weber (1997) to the ''qayna'' slave singers of pre-Islamic Arabia. They were educated girls of good social standing, trained in dancing, singing and poetry, present at festivals and entertainments, and hired as mourners at funerals. In the 19th century, ''almeh'' came to be used as a synonym of ghawazi, the erotic dancers of Dom ethnicity whose performances were banned in 1834 by Muhammad Ali of Egypt. As a result of the ban, the ghawazi dancers were forced to pretend that they were in fact ''awalim''. Transliterated into French as ''almée'', the term came to be synonymous with "belly dancer" in European Orientalism of the 19th century. ==References== * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「almeh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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