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In scholarly and scientific publishing, altmetrics are non-traditional metrics〔"Altmetrics is the study and use of non-traditional scholarly impact measures that are based on activity in web-based environments" ()〕 proposed as an alternative〔"The “alt” does indeed stand for “alternative”" Jason Priem, leading author in the Altimetrics Manifesto ()〕 to more traditional citation impact metrics, such as impact factor and ''h''-index. The term altmetrics was proposed in 2010,〔J. Priem, D. Taraborelli, P. Groth, C. Neylon, altmetrics: a manifesto, 2010, http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/〕 as a generalization of article level metrics,〔Peter Binfield , 2009〕 and has its roots in the #altmetrics hashtag. Although altmetrics are often thought of as metrics about articles, they can be applied to people, journals, books, data sets, presentations, videos, source code repositories, web pages, etc. Altmetrics did not originally cover citation counts.〔"Altmetrics and article-level metrics are sometimes used interchangeably, but there are important differences: article-level metrics also include citations and usage data; ..." ()〕 It also covers other aspects of the impact of a work, such as how many data and knowledge bases refer to it, article views, downloads, or mentions in social media and news media. == Adoption == Various websites and projects are calculating altmetrics, including ImpactStory,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://impactstory.org/faq )〕 Altmetric.com,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.altmetric.com/about.php )〕 and Plum Analytics.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.plumanalytics.com/about.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.plumanalytics.com/metrics.html )〕 Several publishers have started providing such information to readers, including BioMed Central, Public Library of Science,〔 Frontiers,〔http://www.frontiersin.org/about/evaluationsystem〕 Nature Publishing Group,〔Press release: Article level metrics on nature.com, 2012, http://www.nature.com/press_releases/article-metrics.html〕 and Elsevier.〔Press release: Elsevier Announces 2012 Journal Impact Factor Highlights, 2012, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/elsevier-announces-2012-journal-impact-factor-highlights-2013-07-15〕〔Susannah Beatty, New Scopus Article Metrics: A better way to benchmark articles, 29 July 2015, Scopus Blog, http://blog.scopus.com/posts/new-scopus-article-metrics-a-better-way-to-benchmark-articles〕 Starting in March 2009, the Public Library of Science also introduced article-level metrics for all articles. Funders have started showing interest in alternative metrics, including the UK Medical Research Council. Altmetrics have been used in applications for promotion review by researchers. Furthermore, several universities, including the University of Pittsburgh are experimenting with altmetrics at an institute level.〔 However, it is also observed that an article needs little attention to jump to the upper quartile of ranked papers,〔J. Kelly, Altmetric rankings, 22 August 2013, http://infiniflux.blogspot.ca/2013/08/altmetric-rankings.html〕 suggesting that not enough sources of altmetrics are currently available to give a balanced picture of impact for the majority of papers. Important in determining the relative impact of a paper, a service that calculates altmetrics statistics needs a considerably sized knowledge base. The following table shows the number of papers covered by services: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「altmetrics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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