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''Amelanchier'' ( ), also known as shadbush, shadwood or shadblow, serviceberry or sarvisberry, or just sarvis, wild pear, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum or wild-plum, and chuckley pear is a genus of about 20 species of deciduous-leaved shrubs and small trees in the Rose family (Rosaceae). ''Amelanchier'' is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, growing primarily in early successional habitats. It is most diverse taxonomically in North America, especially in the northeastern United States and adjacent southeastern Canada, and at least one species is native to every U.S. state except Hawaii and to every Canadian province and territory. Two species also occur in Asia, and one in Europe. The taxonomic classification of shadbushes has long perplexed botanists, horticulturalists, and others, as suggested by the range in number of species recognized in the genus, from 6 to 33, in two recent publications.〔Landry, P. (1975). Le concept d'espece et la taxonomie du genre Amelanchier (Rosacees). ''Bull. Soc. Bot. France'' 122: 43-252.〕〔Phipps, J. B., Robertson, K. R., Smith, P. G., & Rohrer, J. R. (1990). A checklist of the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae). ''Canad. J. Bot''. 68: 2209–2269.〕 A major source of complexity comes from the occurrence of hybridization, polyploidy, and apomixis (asexual seed production), making species difficult to characterize and identify.〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier'' Systematics and Evolution )〕 The various species of ''Amelanchier'' grow to 0.2–20 m tall; some are small trees, some are multistemmed, clump-forming shrubs, and yet others form extensive low shrubby patches (clones). The bark is gray or less often brown, and in tree species smooth or fissuring when older. The leaves are deciduous, cauline, alternate, simple, lanceolate to elliptic to orbiculate, 0.5–10 x 0.5–5.5 cm, thin to coriaceous, with surfaces above glabrous or densely tomentose at flowering, and glabrous or more or less hairy beneath at maturity. The inflorescences are terminal, with 1–20 flowers, erect or drooping, either in clusters of one to four flowers, or in racemes with 4–20 flowers. The flowers have five white (rarely somewhat pink, yellow, or streaked with red), linear to orbiculate petals, 2.6–25 mm long, with the petals in one species (''A. nantucketensis'') often andropetalous (bearing apical microsporangia adaxially). The flowers appear in early spring, "when the shad run" according to tradition (leading to names such as "shadbush"). The fruit is a berry-like pome, red to purple to nearly black at maturity, 5–15 mm diameter, insipid to delectably sweet, maturing in summer.〔 ''Amelanchier'' plants are valued horticulturally, and their fruits are important to wildlife. ==Selected species== For North American species, the taxonomy follows the forthcoming ''Flora of North America'';〔〔Campbell, C. S., Dibble, A. C., Frye, C. T., & Burgess, M. B. (2008; accepted for publication). ''Amelanchier''. In FNA Editorial Committee, ''Flora of North America'' 9. Magnoliophyta: Rosidae (in part): Rosales (in part). Oxford University Press, New York.〕 for Asian species the ''Flora of China'';〔Flora of China: (''Amelanchier'' )〕 and for European species the ''Flora Europaea''.〔Flora Europaea: (''Amelanchier'' )〕 *''Amelanchier alnifolia'' - Saskatoon serviceberry, alder-leaved shadbush, saskatoon, saskatoon berry, amélanchier à feuilles d'aulne〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia'' )〕 *''Amelanchier amabilis'' - Lovely shadbush, amélanchier gracieux 〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier amabilis'' )〕 *''Amelanchier arborea'' - Downy shadbush〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier arborea'' )〕 *''Amelanchier australis'' - *''Amelanchier bartramiana'' - Mountain shadbush, amélanchier de Bartram 〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier bartramiana'' )〕 *''Amelanchier canadensis'' - Eastern shadbush, amélanchier du Canada〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier canadensis var. canadensis'' )〕 *''Amelanchier humilis'' - Low shadbush, amélanchier bas〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier humilis'' )〕 *''Amelanchier interior'' - Wiegand's shadbush, amélanchier de l'intérieur〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier interior'' )〕 *''Amelanchier laevis'' - Smooth shadbush, amélanchier glabre 〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier laevis'' )〕 *''Amelanchier nantucketensis'' - Nantucket serviceberry *''Amelanchier ovalis'' - Snowy Mespilus〔Flora Europaea: (''Amelanchier ovalis'' )〕 *''Amelanchier sanguinea'' - Red-twigged shadbush, amélanchier sanguin〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier sanguinea'' )〕 *''Amelanchier sinica'' - Chinese Serviceberry〔Flora of China: (''Amelanchier sinica'' )〕 *''Amelanchier spicata'' - Thicket shadbush, amélanchier en épis〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier spicata'' )〕 *''Amelanchier utahensis'' - Utah serviceberry〔University of Maine: (''Amelanchier utahensis'' )〕 Since classifications have varied greatly over the past century, species names are often used interchangeably in the nursery trade. Several natural or horticultural hybrids also exist, and many ''A. arborea'' and ''A. canadensis'' plants that are offered for sale are actually hybrids, or entirely different species. A taxon called ''Amelanchier lamarckii'' (or ''A.'' x ''lamarckii'') is very widely cultivated and naturalized in Europe, where it was introduced in the 17th century. It is apomictic, breeding true from seed, and probably of hybrid origin, perhaps descending from a cross between ''A. laevis'' and either ''A. arborea'' or ''A. canadensis''. While ''A. lamarckii'' is known to be of North American origin, probably from eastern Canada, it is not known to occur naturally in the wild in North America.〔Bean, W. J. (1976). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles'' 8th ed., vol. 1. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-1790-7.〕〔Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「amelanchier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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