|
|Section3= |Section4= }} The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH4+.〔In the substitutive nomenclature, NH4+ is denoted by the name "azanium".〕 It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged or protonated substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations (NR4+), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups (indicated by R). ==Acid base properties== The ammonium ion is generated when ammonia, a weak base, reacts with Brønsted acids (proton donors): :H+ + NH3 → NH4+ The ammonium ion is mildly acidic, reacting with Brønsted bases to return to the uncharged ammonia molecule: :NH4+ + B− → HB + NH3 Thus, treatment of concentrated solutions of ammonium salts with strong base gives ammonia. When ammonia is dissolved in water, a tiny amount of it converts to ammonium ions: :H2O + NH3 OH- + NH4+ The degree to which ammonia forms the ammonium ion depends on the pH of the solution. If the pH is low, the equilibrium shifts to the right: more ammonia molecules are converted into ammonium ions. If the pH is high (the concentration of hydrogen ions is low), the equilibrium shifts to the left: the hydroxide ion abstracts a proton from the ammonium ion, generating ammonia. Formation of ammonium compounds can also occur in the vapor phase; for example, when ammonia vapor comes in contact with hydrogen chloride vapor, a white cloud of ammonium chloride forms, which eventually settles out as a solid in a thin white layer on surfaces. The conversion of ammonium back to ammonia is easily accomplished by the addition of a strong base. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ammonium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|