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anapanasati
Ānāpānasati (Pali; Sanskrit ''ānāpānasmṛti''), meaning "mindfulness of breathing" ("sati" means mindfulness; "ānāpāna" refers to inhalation and exhalation〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:2728.pali )〕), is a form of Buddhist meditation now common to Tibetan, Zen, Tiantai and Theravada Buddhism as well as Western-based mindfulness programs. Anapanasati means to feel the sensations caused by the movements of the breath in the body as is practiced in the context of mindfulness. According to tradition, Anapanasati was originally taught by Gautama Buddha in several sutras including the ''Ānāpānasati Sutta''.〔In the Pali canon, the instructions for anapanasati are presented as either one tetrad (four instructions) or four tetrads (16 instructions). The most famous exposition of four tetrads – after which Theravada countries have a national holiday (see uposatha) – is the ''Anapanasati Sutta'', found in the ''Majjhima Nikaya'' sutta 118 (for instance, see (Thanissaro, 2006 )). Other discourses which describe the full four tetrads can be found in the Samyutta Nikaya's ''Anapana-samyutta'' (Ch. 54), such as SN 54.6 (Thanissaro, 2006a), SN 54.8 (Thanissaro, 2006b) and SN 54.13 (Thanissaro, 1995a). The one-tetrad exposition of anapanasati is found, for instance, in the ''Kayagata-sati Sutta'' (MN 119; Thanissaro, 1997), the ''Maha-satipatthana Sutta'' (DN 22; Thanissaro, 2000) and the ''Satipatthana Sutta'' (MN 10; Thanissaro, 1995b).〕 (MN 118)
== Origins in Buddhism ==
Anapanasati is a core meditation practice in Theravada, Tiantai and Chan traditions of Buddhism as well as a part of many mindfulness programs. In both ancient and modern times, anapanasati by itself is likely the most widely used Buddhist method for contemplating bodily phenomena.
The ''Ānāpānasati Sutta'' specifically concerns mindfulness of inhalation and exhalation, as a part of paying attention to one's body in quietude, and recommends the practice of anapanasati meditation as a means of cultivating the Seven Factors of Enlightenment: sati (mindfulness), dhamma vicaya (analysis), viriya (persistence), which leads to pīti (rapture), then to passaddhi (serenity), which in turn leads to samadhi (concentration) and then to upekkhā (equanimity). Finally, the Buddha taught that, with these factors developed in this progression, the practice of anapanasati would lead to release (Pali: ''vimutti''; Sanskrit ''mokṣs'') from dukkha (suffering), in which one realizes nibbana.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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