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Andradite is a species of the garnet group. It is a nesosilicate, with formula Ca3Fe2Si3O12. Andradite includes three varieties: * ''Melanite'': Black in color, referred to as "titanian andradite".〔(Melanite ), Mindat.org〕 * Demantoid: Vivid green in color, one of the most valuable and rare stones in the gemological world. * ''Topazolite'': Yellow-green in color and sometimes of high enough quality to be cut into a faceted gemstone, it is rarer than demantoid.〔 It was first described in 1868 for an occurrence in Drammen, Buskerud, Norway.〔〔〔 Andradite was named after the Brazilian statesman, naturalist, professor and poet José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva (1763–1838).〔〔 ==Occurrence== It occurs in skarns developed in contact metamorphosed impure limestones or calcic igneous rocks; in chlorite schists and serpentinites and in alkalic igneous rocks (typically titaniferous). Associated minerals include vesuvianite, chlorite, epidote, spinel, calcite, dolomite and magnetite.〔 It is found in Italy, the Ural Mountains of Russia, Arizona and California and in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in Ukraine. As the other garnets andradite crystallizes in the cubic space group 3}}d, with unit-cell parameter of 12.051 Å at 100 K.〔Thomas Armbruster and Charles A. Geiger (1993): "(Andradite crystal chemistry, dynamic X-site disorder and structural strain in silicate garnets )." ''European Journal of Mineralogy'' v. 5, no. 1, p. 59-71.〕 The spin structure of andradite contains two mutually canted equivalent antiferromagnetic sublattices 〔Danylo Zherebetskyy (2010). ''(Quantum mechanical first principles calculations of the electronic and magnetic structure of Fe-bearing rock-forming silicates )'', PhD Thesis, Universal Publishers/Dissertation.com, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, p. 136. ISBN 1-59942-316-2.〕 below the Néel temperature (TN=11 K 〔Enver Murad (1984): "(Magnetic ordering in andradite )." ''American Mineralogist'' 69, no. 7-8; pp. 722-24.〕). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「andradite」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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