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Andriana is both the name of the noble class and a title of nobility in Madagascar. Historically, many Malagasy ethnic groups lived in highly stratified caste-based social orders in which the ''andriana'' were the political and/or spiritual leaders. Among the Merina of the central highlands of Madagascar, the emergence of a noble class is attributed to its decree by King Andriamanelo〔Miller, D. and Rowlands, M. ''Domination and Resistance.'' Psychology Press, 1995.〕 (1540–1575), later subdivided into four sub-castes by King Ralambo〔Raison-Jourde, Françoise. ''Les Souverains de Madagascar.'' Karthala Editions, 1983. 〕 (1575–1600) and eventually six sub-castes by King Andriamasinavalona〔Ogot, B.A. ''Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century.'' UNESCO, 1992.〕 (1675–1710). The use of the word "Andriana" to denote nobility occurs among numerous Malagasy ethnic groups including the Zafiraminia, the Merina, the Betsileo, the Betsimisaraka, the Tsimihety, the Bezanozano, the Antambahoaka and the Antemoro. ''Andriana'' often traditionally formed part of the names of Malagasy kings, princes and nobles. Linguistic evidence suggests its origin is traceable back to an ancient Javanese nobility title, although alternate theories have been proposed. ==Etymology== According to K.A. Adelaar, the Malagasy title "andriana" probably originated from the ancient Javanese nobility title ''Rahadyan'' (''Ra-hady-an''), "hady" meaning "Lord" or "Master." In Malagasy the term became ''Rohandryan'' and later ''Roandriana'', mainly used in the Southeastern part of the island among the Zafiraminia, Antemoro and Antambahoaka ethnic groups. In the central Highlands among the Merina, Betsileo, Bezanozano, and Sihanaka, the term became ''Randryan'' and later ''Randriana'' or simply ''andriana''. Other propositions have also been given on the possible etymology of "andriana", though none has seriously challenged the principal hypothesis cited above, which is based on solid linguistic arguments. Nonetheless, these alternative hypotheses include the Sanskrit ''aryan'', meaning "noble";〔 the Sanskrit ''raja'', meaning "king" or "prince";〔 the Hebrew ''adri''; the Sanskrit ''kshatriya'', the noble caste in India—a term that became ''satrian'' in Malay, meaning "knight" or "warrior";—or the modern Javanese ''raden'', which itself also probably derives from the Old Javanese ''rahadyan'' defined above.〔 In Madagascar, the name of a Malagasy sovereign, prince or nobleman was often historically composed by placing "Andriana" as a prefix to the remainder of the name. For example, the name of Merina king Andrianampoinimerina is a composite of "''Andriana''" and "''Nampoinimerina''", while that of the celebrated Sakalava warrior Andriamisara is formed from "''Andriana''" and "''Misara''". In Madagascar today, names beginning with the "Andria" prefix are common. However, unlike in Western cultures where children automatically inherit the family name of a parent, Malagasy parents are free to choose their child's first and last name as they please. Following the end of the monarchy in Imerina, many parents have chosen to give their children names including the "Andriana" prefix, despite lacking any family connection to the former aristocracy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「andriana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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