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are Japanese animated productions featuring hand-drawn or computer animation. In Japan, the word refers to all animation, being a shortened form of the rōmaji ''animēshon'' ("animation"). Outside Japan, the meaning of the word ''anime'' can vary slightly; definitions include animation from Japan or, alternatively, a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.〔 Arguably, the stylization approach to the meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan. For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as an animation product from Japan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Anime News Network Lexicon - Anime )〕 Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and production of anime works in Japan has since continued to increase steadily. The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, by television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the internet. It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences. Anime is a diverse art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of camera effects, including panning, zooming, and angle shots. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features can be quite varied, including characteristically large emotive or realistically sized eyes. The anime industry consists of over 430 production studios including major names like Studio Ghibli, Gainax, and Toei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japan's domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of Japanese DVD sales. It has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbed programming. This rise in international popularly has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style, but these works are usually described as anime-influenced animation rather than anime proper. == Definition and usage == Anime is an art form, specifically animation, that includes all genres found in cinema, but it can be mistakenly classified as a genre. In Japanese, the term ''anime'' refers to all forms of animation from around the world.〔 In English, ''anime'' is more restrictively used to denote a "Japanese-style animated film or television entertainment" or as "a style of animation created in Japan".〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Anime )〕 The etymology of the word ''anime'' is disputed. The English term "animation" is written in Japanese ''katakana'' as アニメーション (''animēshon'', pronounced (:animeːɕoɴ))〔 and is (''anime'') in its shortened form.〔 Some sources claim that ''anime'' derives from the French term for animation ''dessin animé'',〔〔 but others believe this to be a myth derived from the French popularity of the medium in the late 1970s and 1980s.〔 In English, ''anime''—when used as a common noun—normally functions as a mass noun. (For example: "Do you watch anime?" or "How much anime have you collected?")〔American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed.; Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1).〕 Prior to the widespread use of ''anime'', the term ''Japanimation'' was prevalent throughout the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s, the term ''anime'' began to supplant ''Japanimation''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Etymology Dictionary Reference: Anime )〕 In general, the term now only appears in period works where it is used to distinguish and identify Japanese animation.〔 In 1987, Hayao Miyazaki stated that he despised the truncated word ''anime'' because to him it represented the desolation of the Japanese animation industry. He equated the desolation with animators lacking motivation and mass-produced, overly expressive products which rely on fixed iconography for facial expressions and protracted and exaggerated action scenes but lack depth and sophistication because they do not attempt to convey emotion or thought. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「anime」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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