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Annihilationism (also known as extinctionism or destructionism〔Christian faith and life, Volumes 16–17, 1913 (Google eBook) (p.118 )〕) is a Christian belief that apart from salvation the final punishment of human beings results in their total destruction rather than their everlasting torment. It is directly related to the doctrine of conditional immortality, the idea that a human soul is not immortal unless it is given eternal life. Annihilationism asserts that God will eventually destroy the wicked, leaving only the righteous to live on in immortality. Some annihilationists (e.g. Seventh-day Adventists) believe God's love is scripturally described as an all-consuming fire〔Hebrews 12:29; Song of Solomon 8:6〕 and that sinful creatures cannot exist in God's presence. Thus those who elect to reject salvation through their free will are eternally destroyed because of the inherent incompatibility of sin with God's holy character. Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses posit that eternal hell is a false doctrine of pagan origin. It stands in contrast to the traditional and long standing belief in eternal torture in the lake of fire, and the belief that everyone will be saved (universal reconciliation or simply "universalism"). The belief is in the minority, although it has appeared throughout Christian history.〔L. E. Froom, The Condionalist Faith of our Fathers (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1965–1966).〕 Since 1800 the alternative interpretation of hell as annihilation seems to have prevailed even among many of the more conservative theologians.〔Richard Bauckham "(Universalism: a historical survey )" (@ theologicalstudies.org.uk), ''Themelios'' 4.2 (September 1978): 47–54. "Here and there, outside the theological mainstream, were some who believed that the wicked would be finally annihilated (in its commonest form. this is the doctrine of 'conditional immortality')." 〕 It experienced a resurgence in the 1980s when several prominent theologians including John Stott〔Edwards, D. L. & Stott, J. ''Essentials : A Liberal–Evangelical Dialogue'' London : Hodder & Stoughton, 1988, pp. 313–320.〕 were prepared to argue that it could be held sincerely as a legitimate interpretation of biblical texts (alternative to the more traditional interpretation of them), by those who give supreme authority to scripture. Earlier in the 20th century, some theologians at the University of Cambridge including Basil Atkinson supported the belief. 20th-century English theologians who favor annihilation include Bishop Charles Gore (1916),〔Gore, ''The Religion of the Church'' Oxford: Mowbray, 1916, pp. 91f.〕 William Temple, 98th Archbishop of Canterbury (1924);〔Temple, W., ''Christus Veritas'' London: Macmillan, 1924, p. 209〕 Oliver Chase Quick, Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury (1933),〔Quick O.C., ''Doctrines of the Creed'' London: Nisbet, 1933, pp. 257f.〕 Ulrich Ernst Simon (1964),〔Simon U., ''The End is Not Yet'' Welwyn: Nisbet, 1964, pp. 206f.〕 and G. B. Caird (1966).〔Caird G. B., ''The Revelation of St John the Divine'' London: A. and C. Black., 1966, pp. 186f., 260〕 Some Christian denominations which are annihilationist were influenced by the Millerite/Adventist movement of the mid-19th century. These include the Seventh-day Adventists, Bible Students, Christadelphians and the various Advent Christian churches. Additionally, the Church of England's Doctrine Commission reported in 1995 that "()ell is not eternal torment", but "non-being". Some Protestant and Anglican writers have also proposed annihilationist doctrines. Annihilationists base the doctrine on their exegesis of scripture, some early church writing, historical criticism of the doctrine of hell, and the concept of God as too loving to torment his creations forever. They claim that the popular conceptions of hell stem from Jewish speculation during the intertestamental period,〔Crockett, ''Four Views on Hell'', p52–53 (he accepts the traditional view)〕 belief in an immortal soul which originated in Greek philosophy and influenced Christian theologians, and also graphic and imaginative medieval art and poetry. Contrasting beliefs include universal reconciliation, where all souls are seen as immortal and eventually receive salvation, and special salvation, where a positive afterlife is exclusively held by just some souls. == History == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「annihilationism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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