|
An anniversary is a day that commemorates or celebrates a past event that occurred on the same date of the year as the initial event. For example, the first event is the initial occurrence or, if planned, the inaugural of the event. One year later would be the first anniversary of that event. The word was first used for Catholic feasts to commemorate saints. ==Anniversary names== *Birthdays (v.) are the most common type of anniversary, where the birth date of a person is commemorated annually. The actual celebration is sometimes moved for practical reasons, as in the case of an official birthday. *Wedding anniversaries are also often celebrated on the same day of the year as the wedding occurred. * Death anniversary. The Latin phrase ''dies natalis'' (literally "birth day") has become a common term, adopted in many languages, especially in intellectual and institutional circles, for the anniversary of the founding ("legal or statutory birth") of an institution, such as an ''alma mater'' (college or other school). Even in ancient Rome, we know of the ''() Aquilae natalis'' ("birthday of the eagle", anniversary of the official founding of a legion). Most countries around the world celebrate national anniversaries, for example the USA Bicentennial. These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution or form of government. The important dates in a sitting monarch's reign may also be commemorated, an event often referred to as a "Jubilee". Anniversaries of nations are usually marked by the number of years elapsed described with Latin words or Roman numerals. ===Latin-derived numerical names=== Latin terms for anniversaries are mostly straightforward, particularly those relating to the first twenty years (1–20), those relating to multiples of ten years (30, 40, 60, 70 etc.), and those relating to multiples of centuries or millennia (100, 200, 300, 1000, 2000, 3000 etc.) In these instances, the anniversary generally comes from a derivative of the Latin word for the respective number of years. However, when anniversaries relate to fractions of centuries (125, 150, 175, 250 years—i.e., 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.5 centuries), the situation is not as simple. Roman fractions were based on a duodecimal system. From to they were described as multiples of twelfths (''uncia'' "twelfth"; the source of the English words ''inch'' and ''ounce'') and from to they were described as multiple-twelfths less than the next whole unit—i.e., a whole unit less , or respectively. There were also special terms for quarter (''quadrans''), half (''semis''), and three-quarters (''dodrans''). ''Dodrans'' is a Latin contraction of ''de-quadrans'' which means "a whole unit less a quarter" (''de'' means "from"; ''quadrans'' means "quarter". Thus for the example of 175 years, the term is a quarter century less than the next whole (bi)century or 175 = (-25 + 200). In Latin it seems that this rule did not apply literally for 1½. Whereas "secundus" is Latin for "second", or "bis" for "twice" these terms are not used such as in sesqui-secundus. Instead just sesqui (or ses) is used by itself. This may be because it relates to a ratio of one—thus it means "and a half" compared to "one". (It may also be because in Latin is ''sescuncia, sescunciae'' (from ''sesqui''- + ''uncia'', i.e., 1½ ''uncias'') defined as one-and-a-half twelfths ( × = ).) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「anniversary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|