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"Anocracy" is a term used to describe a regime type that is characterized by inherent qualities of political instability and ineffectiveness, as well as an "incoherent mix of democratic and autocratic traits and practices." These regime types are particularly susceptible to outbreaks of armed conflict and unexpected or adverse changes in leadership.〔 Despite its popular usage, anocracy lacks a precise definition.〔 Anocratic regimes are also loosely defined as part democracy and part dictatorship,〔 or a "regime that mixes democratic with autocratic features."〔 Another definition classifies anocracy as, "a regime that permits some means of participation through opposition group behavior but that has incomplete development of mechanisms to redress grievances."〔 Scholars have also distinguished anocracies from autocracies and democracies in their capability to maintain authority, political dynamics, and policy agenda. Similarly, these regime types have democratic institutions that allow for nominal amounts of competition.〔 The operational definition of anocracy is widely used by scholars Monty G. Marshall and Benjamin R. Cole at the ( Center for Systemic Peace ) and gains most of its dissemination through the polity data series. The data set aims to measure democracy in different states, and retains anocracy as one of its classification methods for regime type. The data series scores regimes on executive recruitment, constraints on executive authority, and political competition. The 21-point sliding scale ranges from -10 to +10, where -10 corresponds to hereditary monarchy and +10 to consolidated democracy. Anocracies are regimes that receive a score between -5 and +5, as well as the special values of -66, -77, and -88, which correspond to cases of foreign interruption, interregnum, and transition regimes. The data set further sorts anocractic regimes into "closed anocracies" (-5 to 0) and "open anocracies" (1 to 5). 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PolityProject )〕 Consequently, anocracy frequently appears in democratization literature that utilizes the polity data set. In a closed anocracy, competitors are drawn from the elite. In an open anocracy, others compete too. The number of anocratic regimes has steadily increased over time, with the most notable jump occurring during the Post Cold War era.〔 During the period from 1989 to 2013, the number of anocracies increased from 30 to 53.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first1=Monty )〕 ==Traits of anocracy== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「anocracy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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