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anointing
Anointing is the ritual act of pouring aromatic oil over a person's head or entire body. By extension, the term is also applied to related acts of sprinkling, dousing, or smearing a person or object with any perfumed oil, milk, butter, or other fat. Scented oils are used as perfumes and sharing them is an act of hospitality. Their use to introduce a divine influence or presence is recorded from the earliest times; anointing was thus used as a form of medicine, thought to rid persons and things of dangerous spirits and demons which were believed to cause disease.
In present usage, "anointing" is typically used for ceremonial blessings such as the coronation of European monarchs. This continues an earlier Hebrew practice most famously observed in the anointments of Aaron as high priest and both Saul and David by the prophet Samuel. The concept is important to the figures of the Messiah and the Christ (Hebrew and Greek for "The Anointed One") who appear prominently in Jewish and Christian theology and eschatology. Anointing—particularly the anointing of the sick—may also be known as unction; the anointing of the dying as part of last rites in the Catholic church is sometimes specified as "extreme unction".
==Name==
The present verb derives from the now obsolete adjective ''anoint'', equivalent to ''anointed''.〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "anoint, ''v.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1884.〕 The adjective is first attested in 1303, derived from Old French ', the past participle of ''enoindre'', from Latin ラテン語:''inung''(''u'')''ere'',〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "† aˈnoint, ''adj.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1884.〕 an intensified form of ラテン語:''ung''(''u'')''ere'' ("to anoint"). It is thus cognate with "unction".
The oil used in a ceremonial anointment may be called "chrism" (from Greek , ''khrîsma'', "anointing"),〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "chrism, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1889.〕 although Christianity usually distinguishes a particularly sanctified chrism from other oils which might also be used. Several related words such as "chrismation" (baptism with oil) and "chrismarium" (a vessel containing chrism or another holy oil) derive from the same root.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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