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anthodite
Anthodites (Greek, ''anthos'', “flower”, ''-ode'', adjectival combining form, ''-ite'' adjectival suffix) are speleothems (cave formations) composed of long needle-like crystals situated in clusters which radiate outward from a common base. The "needles" may be quill-like or feathery. Most anthodites are made of the mineral aragonite (a variety of calcium carbonate, CaCO3), although some are composed of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O).
The term “anthodite” is first cited in the scientific literature in 1965 by Japanese researcher N. Kashima,〔Kashima, N. (1965), ''Mem. Ehime Univ.'', Sect. 2, Ser. D, 5, 79.〕 who described “flower-like dripstone” composed of “an alternation of calcite and aragonite”.〔Hey, M.H. and P.G. Embrey (1974), (“Twenty-eighth List of New Mineral Names” ), ''Mineralogical Magazine'', December 1974, Vol. 39, pp 903-932.〕〔See also the abstract in ''Min. Abstr.'' 18-282.〕
==Structure, composition and appearance ==
The individual crystals of anthodites develop in a form described as “acicular” (needle-like) and often branch out as they grow. They usually grow downward from a cave's ceiling. Aragonite crystals are contrasted with those made of calcite (another variety of calcium carbonate) in that the latter tend to be stubby or dog-tooth-like (“rhombohedral”, rather than acicular). Anthodites often have a solid core of aragonite and may have huntite or hydromagnesite deposited near the ends of the branches.
Anthodite crystals vary in size from less than a millimeter to about a meter, but are commonly between 1 and 20 millimeters in length.
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