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Antipsychotics (also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers) are a class of psychiatric medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, or disordered thought), in particular in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders (ATC code N05A). The word neuroleptic originates from the Greek word νεῦρον ''neuron'' ("nerve") and λῆψις ''lepsis'' ("seizure" or "fit"). First-generation antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. Most second-generation drugs, known as atypical antipsychotics, have been developed more recently, although the first atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, was discovered in the 1950s and introduced clinically in the 1970s. Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways, but atypicals tend to act on serotonin receptors as well. Antipsychotics are more effective than placebo in treating symptoms of psychosis, but some people do not respond fully or even partly to treatment. Their use is associated with significant side effects, most notably movement disorders and weight gain. ==Medical uses== Antipsychotics are most frequently used for the following conditions: * Schizophrenia * Schizoaffective disorder most commonly in conjunction with either an antidepressant (in the case of the depressive subtype) or a mood stabiliser (in the case of the bipolar subtype). * Bipolar disorder (acute mania and mixed episodes) may be treated with either typical or atypical antipsychotics, although atypical antipsychotics are usually preferred because they tend to have more favourable adverse effect profiles〔 and, according to a recent meta-analysis, they tend to have a lower liability for causing conversion from mania to depression. * Psychotic depression. In this indication it is a common practice for the psychiatrist to prescribe a combination of an atypical antipsychotic and an antidepressant as this practice is best supported by the evidence.〔Taylor D, Paton C, Kapur S, Taylor D, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust. The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. pp. 233-234〕 * Treatment-resistant (and not necessarily psychotic) major depression as an adjunct to standard antidepressant therapy.〔 They are not recommended for dementia or insomnia unless other treatments have not worked.〔 They are not recommended in children unless other treatments are not effective or unless the child has psychosis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-psychiatric-association/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「antipsychotic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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