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apathy
Apathy (also called perfunctoriness) is a lack of feeling, emotion, interest, and concern. Apathy is a state of indifference, or the suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation, and/or passion. An apathetic individual has an absence of interest in or concern about emotional, social, spiritual, philosophical and/or physical life and the world.
The apathetic may lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life. An apathetic person may also exhibit insensibility or sluggishness. In positive psychology, apathy is described as a result of the individual feeling they do not possess the level of skill required to confront a challenge (i.e. "Flow"). It may also be a result of perceiving no challenge at all (e.g. the challenge is irrelevant to them, or conversely, they have learned helplessness). Apathy may be a sign of more specific mental problems such as schizophrenia or dementia. However, apathy is something that all people face in some capacity. It is a natural response to disappointment, dejection, and stress. As a response, apathy is a way to forget about these negative feelings. This type of common apathy is usually only felt in the short-term and when it becomes a long-term or even lifelong state is when deeper social and psychological issues are most likely present.
Apathy should be distinguished from reduced affect, which refers to reduced emotional expression but not necessarily reduced emotion.
==Etymology==
Although the word ''apathy'' was first used in 1594 and is derived from the Greek (''apatheia''), from (''apathēs'', "without feeling" from ''a-'' ("without, not") and ''pathos'' ("emotion")), it is important not to confuse the two terms. Also meaning "absence of passion," "apathy" or "insensibility" in Greek, the term ''apatheia'' was used by the Stoics to signify a (desirable) state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside one's control (that is, according to their philosophy, all things exterior, one being only responsible for his representations and judgments).〔William Fleming (1857). ''The vocabulary of philosophy, mental, moral, and metaphysical''. (p.&34 ). Reprinted by Kessinger Publishing as paperback (2006; ISBN 978-1-4286-3324-7) and in hardcover (2007; ISBN 978-0-548-12371-3).〕 In contrast to ''apathy'', ''apatheia'' is considered a virtue, especially in Orthodox monasticism. In the Philokalia the word ''dispassion'' is used for ''apatheia'', so as not to confuse it with ''apathy''.
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