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apicoplast
An apicoplast is a derived non-photosynthetic plastid found in most Apicomplexa, including malaria parasites such as ''Plasmodium falciparum'', but not in others such as ''Cryptosporidium''. It originated from an alga (there is debate as to whether this was a green or red alga) through secondary endosymbiosis. The apicoplast is surrounded by four membranes within the outermost part of the endomembrane system.
==Significance==
Apicoplasts are a relict, nonphotosynthetic plastid found in most protozoan parasites belonging to the phylum Chromalveolata.〔Biology 9th edition by Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Jackson〕 Among the most infamous Chromalveolata parasites is ''Plasmodium falciparum'', a causative agent of severe malaria. Because apicoplasts are vital to parasite survival, they provide an enticing target for antimalarial drugs. Specifically, apicoplasts' plant-like properties provide a target for herbicidal drugs.〔 And, with the emergence of malarial strains resistant to current treatments it is paramount that novel therapies, like herbicides, are explored and understood.〔 Furthermore, herbicides may be able to specifically target the parasite's plant-like apicoplast and without any noticeable effect on the mammalian host's cells.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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