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An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To ''practice architecture'' means to provide services in connection with the design and construction of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings, that have as their principal purpose human occupancy or use.〔http://www.gov.ns.ca/legislature/legc/bills/60th_1st/3rd_read/b115.htm〕 Etymologically, ''architect'' derives from the Latin ''architectus'', which derives from the Greek '' (''arkhi-'', chief + ''tekton'', builder), i.e., chief builder.〔(Online Etymology of the term "architect" )〕 Professionally, an architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus an architect must undergo specialized training consisting of advanced education and a ''practicum'' (or ''internship'') for practical experience to earn a license to practice architecture. Practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction (see below). The terms architect and architecture are also used in the disciplines of landscape architecture, naval architecture and often information technology (for example a network architect or software architect). In most jurisdictions, the professional and commercial uses of the terms "architect"〔 〕 and "landscape architect" are legally protected. ==Origins== (詳細はartisans—such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Until modern times there was no clear distinction between architect and engineer. In Europe, the titles ''architect'' and ''engineer'' were primarily geographical variations that referred to the same person, often used interchangeably.〔(''The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance'' ) Jacob Burckhardt ISBN 0-8052-1082-2〕〔http://www.smweng.com/civil-engineering-definitions-and-history/civil-engineering-defined〕 It is suggested that various developments in technology and mathematics allowed the development of the professional 'gentleman' architect, separate from the hands-on craftsman. Paper was not used in Europe for drawing until the 15th century, but became increasingly available after 1500. Pencils were used more often for drawing by 1600. The availability of both allowed pre-construction drawings to be made by professionals. Concurrently, the introduction of linear perspective and innovations such as the use of different projections to describe a three-dimensional building in two dimensions, together with an increased understanding of dimensional accuracy, helped building designers communicate their ideas.〔 However, the development was gradual. Until the 18th century buildings continued to be designed and set-out by craftsmen, with the exception of high status projects.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「architect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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