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An archive is an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the function of that person or organization. Professional archivists and historians generally understand archives to be records that have been naturally and necessarily generated as a product of regular legal, commercial, administrative or social activities. They have been metaphorically defined as "the secretions of an organism", and are distinguished from documents that have been consciously written or created to communicate a particular message to posterity. In general, archives consist of records that have been selected for permanent or long-term preservation on grounds of their enduring cultural, historical, or evidentiary value. Archival records are normally unpublished and almost always unique, unlike books or magazines for which many identical copies exist. This means that archives are quite distinct from libraries with regard to their functions and organization, although archival collections can often be found within library buildings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology )〕 A person who works in archives is called an archivist. The study and practice of organizing, preserving, and providing access to information and materials in archives is called archival science. The physical place of storage can be referred to as an archive (more usual in the UK), an archives (more usual in the USA), or a repository.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www2.archivists.org/glossary/terms/a/archives )〕 When referring to historical records or the places they are kept, the plural form ''archives'' is chiefly used.〔"archive" ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press.〕 The computing use of the term 'archive' should not be confused with the record-keeping meaning of the term. ==Etymology== First attested in English in early 17th century, the word ''archive'' is derived from the French ''archives'' (plural), in turn from Latin ''archīum'' or ''archīvum'',〔(archīum ), Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, ''A Latin Dictionary'', on Perseus〕 which is the romanized form of the Greek ''ἀρχεῖον'' (''arkheion''), "public records, town-hall, residence, or office of chief magistrates",〔(ἀρχεῖον ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 itself from ''ἀρχή'' (''arkhē''), amongst others "magistracy, office, government"〔(ἀρχή ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 (compare an-archy, mon-archy), which comes from the verb ''ἄρχω'' (''arkhō''), "to begin, rule, govern".〔(ἄρχω ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 The word originally developed from the Greek ' (arkheion), which refers to the home or dwelling of the Archon, in which important official state documents were filed and interpreted under the authority of the Archon. The adjective formed from ''archive'' is ''archival''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「archive」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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