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arenavirus
An arenavirus is a virus which is a member of the family ''Arenaviridae''. These viruses infect rodents and occasionally humans; arenaviruses have also been discovered which infect snakes. At least eight arenaviruses are known to cause human disease. The diseases derived from arenaviruses range in severity. Aseptic meningitis, a severe human disease that causes inflammation covering the brain and spinal cord, can arise from the ''Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection''. Hemorrhagic fever syndromes are derived from infections such Guanarito virus (GTOV), Junin virus (JUNV), Lassa virus (LASV), Lujo virus (LUJV), Machupo virus (MACV), Sabia virus (SABV), or Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV). Arenaviruses are divided into two groups: the Old World and the New World viruses. The differences between these groups are distinguished geographically and genetically. Because of the epidemiological association with rodents, some arenaviruses and bunyaviruses are designated as roboviruses.
==Structure==
Viewed in cross-section, they show grainy particles that are ribosomes acquired from their host cells. It is from this characteristic that they acquired the name ''Arena'' which comes from the Latin root meaning ''sand''. These are round, pleomorphic, and enveloped with a diameter of 60 to 300 nm. The virus contains a beaded nucleocapsid with two single-stranded RNA segments.
The nucleocapsid is the basic structure of a virus, consisting of a core of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat. Although they are often miscategorized as negative sense viruses, they are in fact ambisense. This confusion stems from the fact that while sections of their genome are considered negative sense, and encode genes in the reverse direction, other sections encode genes in the opposite (forward/positive sense) direction. This complex gene expression structure is theorized to be the viruses primitive regulatory system, allowing the virus to control what proteins are synthesized when. The life cycle of the arena virus is restricted to the cell cytoplasm. Virus particles, or virions, are pleomorphic because they vary in appearances but in many cases they are spherical in shape and covered with surface glycoprotein spikes. The sand looking ribosomal structures are not believed to be essential in virus replication but they certainly give this replicating virus reason to its name.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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