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arthurite
Arthurite is a mixture of divalent copper and iron ions in combination with trivalent arsenate, phosphate and sulfate ions with hydrogen and oxygen.〔Frost R. L., Duong L., Martens W. (2003) Molecular assembly in secondary minerals - Raman spectroscopy of the arthurite group species arthurite and whitmoreite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 2003, 223-240.〕 Initially discovered by Sir Arthur Russell in 1954 at Hingston Down Consols mine in Calstock, Cornwall, England,〔Davis, R. J. & Hey, M. H. (1964) Arthurite, a new copper-iron arsenate from Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine, 33, 937-941.〕 arthurite is formed as a resultant mineral in the oxidation region of some copper deposits by the variation of enargite or arsenopyrite.〔 The chemical formula of Arthurite is CuFe23+(AsO4,PO4,SO4)2(O,OH)2•4H2O.〔Palmer, S.J., Frost R.L. (2011) The structure of the mineral arthurite CuFe23+(AsO4,PO4,SO4)2(O,OH)2·4H2O – A Raman spectroscopic study. Journal of Molecular Structure, 994, 283-288.〕 Arthurite is named after Arthur W. G. Kingsbury (1906–1968), a British mineralogist, and Arthur Russell (1878–1964), 6th Baronet of Swallowfield, and a collector of minerals. ==Introduction== Arthurite was determined to be a uniquely new mineral by R.J. Davis and M.H. Hey in 1964 after its initial discovery.〔 A second specimen was confirmed by A.H Clark and R.H. Sillitoe (1969) from Potrerillos, Atacama Province, Chile in 1969.〔Clark, A. H. & Sillitoe, R. H. (1969) Arthurite from Potrerillos, Atacama Province, Chile. Mineralogical Magazine, 37, 519-520.〕 Subsequently several other arthurite-like minerals have been discovered. There are variations in which the Copper (Cu) ions are replaced with Cobalt (Co), in the case of cobaltarthurite, Manganese (Mn) replaces Cu in the case of earlshannonite, Iron (Fe) in the case of bendadaite and whitmoreite and Zinc (Zn) in the case of ojuelaite. Arthurite is the copper-dominant end-member of the Arthurite group.
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