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assam
Assam ( ; (アッサム語:''Ôxôm'') (:ɔ'xɔm)) is a state in Northeast India. Located south of the eastern Himalayas, Assam comprises the Brahmaputra Valley and the Barak Valley along with the Karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao districts with an area of . Assam is surrounded by ''Seven States'': Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and Sikkim. Geographically Assam and these states are connected to the rest of India via a strip of land in West Bengal called the Siliguri Corridor or "Chicken's Neck". Assam shares international border with Bhutan and Bangladesh; and culture, people and climate is similar to that of South-East Asia – bringing the elements in India’s Look East policy. Assam became a part of British India after the British East India Company occupied the region following the First Anglo-Burmese War of 1824–1826.
Assam is known for Assam tea, Assam silk and the first oil well in Asia was drilled here. The state has conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction, along with the pygmy hog, tiger and various species of Asiatic birds. It provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. Assam economy is aided by wildlife tourism while Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park are designated World Heritage Sites. Sal tree forests are found in the state, which as a result of rainfall looks green all year round. Assam receive more rainfall compared to most part of India. This rain feeds the Brahmaputra River, whose tributaries and oxbow lakes provide the region with a hydro-geomorphic and aesthetic environment.
== Etymology ==
(詳細はKaratoya river, largely congruent to present-day Assam, was called Kamarupa, and alternatively, Pragjyotisha.〔"Prior to the thirteenth century the
present region was called Kāmarūpa or, alternatively, Prāgjyotiṣapur", Lahiri, Nayanjot., ''Pre-Ahom Assam'' (Delhi 1991) p14〕 In medieval times the Mughals used ''Asham'' (eastern Assam) and Kamrup (western Assam),〔Sukalpa Bhattacharjee, C Joshua Thomas,2013,''Society,Representation and Textuality:The Critical Interface'' It deals with the expansion of the Mughal Empire in Bengal, Kamrup and Assam.〕〔Satish Chandra (2005), ''Medieval India:Fro Sultanate to the Mughals Part - II'' They had support of many Hindu Rajas of Jessore, Kamrup (Western Assam), Cachar, Tippera, etc.〕〔Peter Jackson,2003,''The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History'',P. 141, into the region of Assam the Muslims called Kamrup or Kamrud〕 and during British colonialism, the English used Assam. Though many authors have associated the name with the 13th century Shan invaders〔"The word 'Assamese' is an English one based on the anglicised form 'Assam' from the native word "Asam", which in its turn is connected with the Shans who invaded the Brahmaputra Valley in the 13th century." Kakati, Banikanta, ''Aspects of Early Assamese Literature'' (Gauhati University Press, 1953) p1; "Assam is the English form of 'Asama' (i.e. peerless) which is apparently a Sanskritised form of the tribal name Ahom", D C Sircar, ''Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa'' in ''The Comprehensive History of Assam'' Vol I (Guwahati, 1991) p59 cf1; Satyendra Nath Sharma, ''Assamese Literature'' (Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1976) p1; "The term 'Assam' is, relatively speaking, of recent origin and traces back to the tradition of the Ahoms who entered the Brahmaputra valley in the thirteenth century", Nayanjot Lahir, ''Pre-Ahom Assam'' (Delhi 1991, based on PhD Thesis) p14; "These references show that the term 'Axom or Asom' was earlier used to mean the Shan community...Subsequently the term came to be used to mean also the territory they ruled", M Taher, ''Geography of Assam'' (Delhi, 2001) pp2-3〕 the precise origin of the name is not clear. It was suggested by some that the Sanskrit word ''Asama'' ("unequalled", "peerless", etc.) was the root, which has been rejected by Kakati,〔"...but most probably ''Asama'' meaning peerless or unequalled is a latter day Sanskritisation of some earlier form like ''Āchām'', Banikanta Kakati, ''Early Aspects of Assamese Literature'' (Gauhati, 1953) p2〕 and more recent authors have concurred that it is a latter-day Sanskritization of a native name.〔Satyendra Nath Sharma, ''Assamese Literature'' (Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1976) p1〕 Among possible origins are Tai (''A-Cham'')〔"In Tai the root ''cham'' means "to be undefeated". With the privative Assamese affix ''ā'' the whole formation ''Āchām'' would mean undefeated.", Banikanta Kakati, ''Aspects of Early Assamese Literature'' (Gauhati University Press, 1953) p2〕 and Bodo (''Ha-Sam'').〔"The Ahom domain of Upper Assam came to be known to the Dimasa and other Bodo people as ''Ha-Sam'' (the land of the ''Shams'' or ''Shans'') in their language.", Amalendu Guha, ''The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)'' in ''Social Scientist'' Vol. 11, No. 12, (1983) p24〕
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