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Assassination is the murder of a prominent person, often but not always a political leader or ruler, usually for political reasons or payment.〔Other definitions include: * The American Heritage Dictionary: "To murder (a prominent person) by surprise attack, as for political reasons." (Thefreedictionary.com ) * Collins English Dictionary: "to murder (a person, esp a public or political figure), usually by a surprise attack." (【引用サイトリンク】title=assassinate ) * Webster's New World College Dictionary: "to murder (esp. a politically important or prominent person) by surprise attack, usually for payment or from zealous belief". (Yourdictionary.com ) * Oxford English Dictionary: "The action of assassinating; the taking the life of any one by treacherous violence, esp. by a hired emissary, or one who has taken upon him to execute the deed." * Merriam-Webster Dictionary: (assassination ): "to kill (someone, such as a famous or important person) usually for political reasons" * Black's Law Dictionary "the act of deliberately killing someone especially a public figure, usually for hire or for political reasons" (''Legal Research, Analysis and Writing'' by William H. Putman (p. 215 ) and (Assassination Policy Under International Law ), Harvard International Review, May 6, 2006 by Kristen Eichensehr).〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=assassinate (kill) )〕 An assassination may be prompted by religious, political, or military motives; it is an act that may be done for financial gain, to avenge a grievance, from a desire to acquire fame or notoriety, or because of a military, security or insurgent group's command to carry out the homicide. ==Etymology== (詳細はHashshashin'' (Arabic: حشّاشين, ħashshāshīyīn, also Hashishin, Hashashiyyin, or Assassins),〔American Speech'' – McCarthy, Kevin M. Volume 48, pp. 77–83〕 and shares its etymological roots with ''hashish'' ( or ; from Arabic: ').〔''The Assassins: a radical sect in Islam'' – Bernard Lewis, pp. 11–12〕 It referred to a group of Nizari Shia Persians who worked against various Arab and Persian targets. Founded by the Arab-Persian Hassan-i Sabbah, the Assassins were active in the fortress of Alamut in Iran from the 8th to the 14th centuries, and also controlled the castle of Masyaf in Syria. The group killed members of the Persian, Abbasid, Seljuq, and Christian Crusader élite for political and religious reasons.〔Secret Societies Handbook, Michael Bradley, Altair Cassell Illustrated, 2005. ISBN 978-1-84403-416-1〕 Although it is commonly believed that Assassins were under the influence of hashish during their killings or during their indoctrination, there is debate as to whether these claims have merit, with many Eastern writers and an increasing number of Western academics coming to believe that drug-taking was not the key feature behind the name. The earliest known literary use of the word ''assassination'' is in ''Macbeth'' by William Shakespeare (1605).〔"Assassination." Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, second edition, 1989〕〔Inventing English: A Portable History of the Language, Seth Lerer, 2007〕 The word for "murder" in many Romance languages is derived from this same root word (see Spanish ''asesinato''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「assassination」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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