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The Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite,〔Great Basin Wildflowers, Laird R. Blackwell, 2006, p. 275〕 or sunflower family) are an exceedingly large and widespread family of flowering plants (Angiospermae).〔(Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards) ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Version 13, updated: 04/19/2014 19:57:49 )〕〔Jeffrey, C. 2007. Compositae: Introduction with key to tribes. Pages 61–87 in Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. VIII, Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales (J. W. Kadereit and C. Jeffrey, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin〕 The family has more than 23,600 currently accepted species, spread across 1,620 genera (list) and 13 subfamilies. In terms of numbers of species, the Asteraceae are rivaled only by the Orchidaceae.〔〔(Panero, J.L., Crozier, B.S. ''Tree of Life – Asteraceae'' )〕 (Which of the two families is actually larger is unclear, owing to uncertainty about exactly how many species exist in each family.) Many members have composite flowers in the form of flower heads (capitula or pseudanthia) surrounded by involucral bracts. When viewed from a distance, each capitulum may have the appearance of being a single flower. The name "Asteraceae" comes from ''Aster'', the most prominent genus in the family, that derives from the Greek ἀστήρ, meaning star, and is connected with its inflorescence star form. "Compositae" is an older but still valid name which refers to the fact that the family is one of the few angiosperm ones to have composite flowers.〔(International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. ) In point 18/5 states: "The following names, used traditionally, are considered valid: Compositae (Asteraceae...).〕 Most members of Asteraceae are herbaceous, but a significant number are also shrubs, vines, or trees. The family has a worldwide distribution, from the polar regions to the tropics, colonizing a wide variety of habitats. It is most common in the arid and semiarid regions of subtropical and lower temperate latitudes.〔(Barkely, T.M., Brouillet, L., Strother, J.L. (2006) ''Flora of North America – Asteraceae" )〕 The Asteraceae may represent as much as 10% of autochthonous flora in many regions of the world. The Asteraceae are an economically important family, providing products such as cooking oils, lettuce, sunflower seeds, artichokes, sweetening agents, coffee substitutes and herbal teas. Several genera are of horticultural importance, including pot marigold, ''Calendula officinalis'', ''Echinacea'' (cone flowers), various daisies, fleabane, chrysanthemums, dahlias, zinnias, and heleniums. Asteraceae are important in herbal medicine, including ''Grindelia'', yarrow, and many others.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases )〕 A number of species are considered invasive, including, most notably in North America, dandelion, which was originally introduced by European settlers who used the young leaves as a salad green.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 dandelion Taraxacum officinale )〕 == Etymology == The Latin name "Asteraceae" is derived from the type genus ''Aster'', which is a Greek term that means "star".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aster - Definition of aster by Merriam-Webster )〕 "Compositae", an older but still valid name,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants – Article 18.5 )〕 means "composite" and refers to the characteristic inflorescence, a special type of pseudanthium found in only a few other angiosperm families. The study of this family is known as synantherology. The vernacular name "daisy", widely applied to members of this family, is derived from its Old English name: ''dægesege'', from ''dæges eage'', meaning "day's eye". This is because the petals (of ''Bellis perennis'') open at dawn and close at dusk. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「asteraceae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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