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ateji
In modern Japanese, principally refer to kanji used phonetically to represent native or borrowed words without regard to the underlying meaning of the characters. This is similar to ''man'yōgana'' in Old Japanese. Conversely ''ateji'' also refers to kanji used semantically without regard to the readings.
For example, the word ''sushi'' is often written with the ''ateji'' 寿司. Though the two characters have the readings ''su'' and ''shi'' respectively, the character 寿 means "one's natural life span" and 司 means "to administer", neither of which has anything to do with the food. ''Ateji'' as a means of representing loanwords has been largely superseded in modern Japanese by the use of ''katakana'' (see also Transcription into Japanese), although many ''ateji'' coined in earlier eras still linger on.
== Usage ==
''Ateji'' today are used conventionally for certain words, such as 寿司 (''sushi''), though these words may be written in hiragana (especially for native words), or katakana (especially for borrowed words), with preference depending on the particular word, context, and choice of the writer. ''Ateji'' are particularly common on traditional store signs and menus. For example, ''kōhī'', the Japanese loanword for "coffee", is generally written using the katakana コーヒー, but on coffee shop signs and menus, it is often written with the ''ateji'' 珈琲. However, ''tabako'', the Japanese loanword for "tobacco", is generally written as たばこ (in hiragana – despite being a loanword) – or タバコ (katakana), even on signs, and rarely written as the ''ateji'' 煙草.
Many characters have gained meanings derived from ''ateji'' usage. For example, ''ateji'' was once widely utilized for foreign place names; such as in the ''ateji'' used to write "Asia". The original ''ateji'' word is now considered archaic, but the character 亜 has gained the meaning "Asia" in such compounds as , even though 亜 originally meant "subsequent" (and continues to). From the ''ateji'' , the second character was taken, resulting in the semi-formal coinage , which literally translates to "rice country" but means "United States of America".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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