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auctoritas
''Auctoritas'' is a Latin word and is the origin of English "authority". While historically its use in English was restricted to discussions of the political history of Rome, the beginning of phenomenological philosophy in the 20th century expanded the use of the word.
In ancient Rome, ''Auctoritas'' referred to the general level of prestige a person had in Roman society, and, as a consequence, his clout, influence, and ability to rally support around his will. ''Auctoritas'' was not merely political, however; it had a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious "power of command" of heroic Roman figures.
==Etymology and origin==
According to French linguist Emile Benveniste, ''auctor'' (which also gives us English "author") is derived from Latin ''augeō'' ("to augment"). The ''auctor'' is "''is qui auget''", the one who augments the act or the juridical situation of another.〔J. B. Greenough disputes this etymology of ''auctor'' - but not the sense of foundation and augmentation - in "Latin Etymologies", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', Vol. 4, 1893.〕
''Auctor'' in the sense of "author", comes from ''auctor'' as founder or, one might say, "planter-cultivator". Similarly, ''auctoritas'' refers to rightful ownership, based on one's having "produced" or homesteaded the article of property in question - more in the sense of "sponsored" or "acquired" than "manufactured". This ''auctoritas'' would, for example, persist through an ''usucapio'' of ill-gotten or abandoned property.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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