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Austrians ((ドイツ語:Österreicher)) are a Germanic ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria, who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent and history.〔For the distinction of and overlap between the terms "nation", "nationality" and "ethnic group" in Europe see peoples of Europe. Austrians are classified as an "ethnic group" in some English language sources, including the (The CIA World Factbook ). See also: *Franz A. J. Szabo: Austrian Immigration to Canada. Pg. 41 et seq. *Alfred Connor Browman: Zones of Strain: A Memoir of the Early Cold War. Pg. 73 *Ilija Sutalo: Croatians in Austria. Pg. 21 *Donald G. Daviau, Herbert Arlt: Geschichte der österreichischen Literatur. Pg. 318 *Deirdre N. McCloskey: The Bourgeois Virtues - ethnics for an age of commerce. Pg. 190 *Bruce M. Mitchell, Robert E. Salsbury: Multicultural Education - An international guiede to research, policies and programs. p. 19. The term "ethnic Austrians" is sometimes used in the context of the population movements after World War II, e.g. in a (BBC News article ) of 11 February 2000.〕 The English term ''Austrians'' was applied to the population of Habsburg Austria from the 17th or 18th century. Subsequently, during the 19th century, it referred to the citizens of the Empire of Austria (1804–1867), and from 1867 until 1918 to the citizens of Cisleithania. In the closest sense, the term ''Austria'' originally referred to the historical March of Austria, corresponding roughly to the Vienna Basin in what is today Lower Austria. However, Austrians are better described as a nationality, rather than an ethnic group.〔(Jeffrey Cole: Ethnic groups of Europe, page 23. )〕 Historically, Austrians were considered to be Germans and viewed themselves as such. Austria had been a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, and was a member of the German Confederation, but after the Austro-Prussian war of 1866, Austria was effectively expelled from the Confederation by Prussia. Thus, when the German Empire was founded in 1871, Austria was not a part of it. Austria was annexed in 1938 to the Third Reich, but since the events of World War II, Austrians have developed their own distinct national identity and mostly do not consider themselves to be Germans. ==Name== The English word ''Austrian'' is a derivative of the proper name Austria, which is a latinization of ''Österreich'', the German name for Austria. This word is derived from ''Ostarrîchi'', which first appears in 996. This, in turn, is probably a translation of the Latin ''Marcha Orientalis'', which means "eastern borderland" (viz. delimiting the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire). It was a margraviate of the Duchy of Bavaria, ruled by the House of Babenberg from AD 976. During the 12th century, the ''Marcha Orientalis'' under the Babenbergs became independent of Bavaria. What is today known as Lower Austria corresponds to the ''Marcha Orientalis'', while Upper Austria corresponds to the eastern half of the core territory of Bavaria (the western half forming part of the German state of Bavaria). The adjective ''Austrian'' entered the English language in the early 17th century, at the time referring to Habsburg Austria the sense of "members of the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg" (the junior branch emerging from the dynastic split into Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs in 1521), but from the 18th century also "a native or inhabitant of Austria".〔OED s.g. "Austrian, ''adj.'' and ''n.''"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「austrians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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