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autonomy
Autonomy (Ancient Greek: αὐτονομία ''autonomia'' from αὐτόνομος ''autonomos'' from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's own law") is a concept found in moral, political, and bioethical philosophy. Within these contexts, it is the capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced decision. In moral and political philosophy, autonomy is often used as the basis for determining moral responsibility and accountability for one's actions. In medicine, respect for the autonomy of patients is an important goal, though it can conflict with a competing ethical principle, namely beneficence. Autonomy is also used to refer to the self-government of the people.
==Sociology==
In the subfield of sociology called the sociology of knowledge, controversy over the boundaries of autonomy stopped at the concept of relative autonomy,〔BOURDIEU, 2001 (MARANHÃO, 2005; (2006 ); (2007 ); (SOBRAL & MARANHÃO, 2008 )〕 until a typology of autonomy was created and developed within science and technology studies. According to it, the contemporary form of science's existing autonomy is the reflexive autonomy: actors and structures within the scientific field are able to translate or to reflect diverse themes presented by social and political fields, as well as influence them regarding the thematic choices on research projects.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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