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Azithromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/azithromycin.html )〕 This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, traveler's diarrhea, and certain other intestinal infections. It may also be used for a number of sexually transmitted infections including chlamydia and gonorrhea infections. Along with other medications, it may also be used for malaria. It can be taken by mouth or intravenously with doses once per day.〔 Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and upset stomach. An allergic reaction or a type of diarrhea caused by ''Clostridium difficile'' is possible. No harm has been found with use during pregnancy.〔 Its safety during breastfeeding is unclear but likely okay.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/azithromycin.html )〕 Azithromycin is an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic. It works by decreasing the production of protein, thus stopping bacterial growth.〔 Azithromycin was first made in 1980. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost is about 0.18 to 2.98 USD per dose.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=AZI500T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=500%20mg&desc=Azithromycin&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=06%2E2%2E2%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2806%2E2%2E2%2E%29Other%20antibacterials%3Cbr%3E )〕 In the United States it is about 33 USD for a course of treatment.〔 == Medical uses == Azithromycin is used to treat many different infections, including: * Prevention and treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to ''H. influenzae'', ''M. catarrhalis'', or ''S. pneumoniae''. The benefits of long-term prophylaxis must be weighed on a patent-by-patient basis against the risk of cardiovascular and other adverse effects. * Acute bacterial sinusitis due to ''H. influenzae'', ''M. catarrhalis'', or ''S. pneumoniae''. Other agents, such as amoxicillin/clavulanate are generally preferred, however. * Community-acquired pneumonia' due to ''C. pneumoniae'', ''H. influenzae'', ''M. pneumoniae'', or ''S. pneumoniae'' * Acute otitis media caused by ''H. influenzae'', ''M. catarrhalis'' or ''S. pneumoniae''. Azithromycin is not, however, a first-line agent for this condition. Amoxicillin or another beta lactam antibiotic is generally preferred. * Pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by ''S. pyogenes'' as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy * Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to ''S. aureus'', ''S. pyogenes'', or ''S. agalactiae'' * Urethritis and cervicitis due to ''C. trachomatis'' or ''N. gonorrhoeae'' * Genital ulcer disease (chancroid) in men due to ''H. ducreyi'' * In combination with ceftriaxone, azithromycin is part of the United States Centers for Disease Control-recommended regimen for the treatment of gonorrhea. Azithromycin is active as monotherapy in most cases, but the combination with ceftriaxone is recommended based on the relatively low barrier to resistance development in gonococci. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「azithromycin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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