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badaud
The ''badaud'' is an important urban type from 18th and 19th-century French literature, one that has been adapted to explain aspects of mass culture and modern experience.
The term ''badaud'' (plural, ''badauds'') comes from the French and has the basic meaning of "gawker”, or more neutrally, “bystander”. The term usually carries the connotation of idle curiosity, gullibility, simpleminded foolishness and gaping ignorance. It was an old inheritance, but was elaborated as an urban type in the eighteenth and nineteenth century to describe the street crowds that were an essential feature of the Parisian landscape. Like the ''flâneur'', to which it has been frequently contrasted, the ''badaud'' has been construed as an emblematic figure of the modern, urban experience and of mass culture. The term ''badauderie'' (though not frequently used) refers to the act of gathering in a street crowd or gawking.
==Origins & Definition==
''Badaud'' was in usage from the 16th century, if not earlier, a French adaptation of the old Provençal "badau". From the beginning the term described frivolous curiosity and ignorance. The ''Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle'' (1867) defined the term in this way: “The ''badaud'' is curious; he is astonished by everything he sees; he believes everything he hears, and he shows his contentment or his surprise by his open, gaping mouth.”〔Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXème siècle, s.v. “badaud” (1867)〕 The term came frequently to describe the crowds that gathered in the street at any remarkable sight. From the 17th century and after, the term was associated with Parisians. It is most frequently rendered in English as “gawker” or “bystander”.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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