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balalaika
The balalaika (, ) is a Russian stringed musical instrument with a characteristic triangular body and three strings.
The balalaika ''family of instruments'' includes instruments of various sizes, from the highest-pitched to the lowest: the piccolo balalaika, prima balalaika, secunda balalaika, alto balalaika, bass balalaika, and contrabass balalaika. The prima balalaika is the most common; the piccolo is rare. There have also been ''descant'' and ''tenor'' balalaikas, but these are considered obsolete. All have three-sided bodies; spruce, evergreen, or fir tops; and backs made of three to nine wooden sections (usually maple). They are typically strung with three strings, and the necks are fretted.
The prima balalaika, secunda and alto are played either with the fingers or a plectrum (pick), depending on the music being played, and the bass and contrabass (equipped with extension legs that rest on the floor) are played with leather plectra. The rare piccolo instrument is usually played with a pick.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= The Washington Balalaika Society )〕
==Etymology==
The earliest mention of the term ''balalaika'' dates back to an AD 1688 Russian document.〔Belinskiy, Dmitry. ("Balalaika" ). ''Krymskaya Pravda''. Balalaika music, video.〕 The term "balabaika" was used in Ukrainian language document from XVIII century.〔(Історичний словник українського язика ) Під ред. Є. Тимченка; укл.: Є. Тимченко, Є. Волошин, К. Лазаревська, Г. Петренко. — К.-Х., 1930-32. — Т. 1. — XXIV + 948 с. Зошит 1: А — Глу. — С. 52.〕 According to one theory, the term was loaned to Russian, where – in literary language – it first appeared in "Elysei", a 1771 poem by V. Maikov.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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