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ballast
Ballast is material that is used to provide stability to a vehicle or structure. Ballast, other than cargo, may be placed in a vehicle, often a ship or the gondola of a balloon or airship, to provide stability. A compartment within a boat, ship, submarine, or other floating structure that holds water is called a ballast tank. Water should move in and out from the ballast tank to balance the ship. In a vessel that travels on the water, the ballast will remain below the water level, to counteract the effects of weight above the water level.〔Edward Spon, Oliver Byrne, Ernest Spon, Francis N. Spon, ''Spons' dictionary of engineering, civil, mechanical, military, and Naval, Volume 2'' (1874), p. 1205.〕 The ballast may be redistributed in the vessel or disposed of altogether to change its effects on the movement of the vessel.
==History==
The basic concept behind the ballast tank can be seen in many forms of aquatic life, such as the blowfish or members of the argonaut group of octopus.〔(Discovery Blog: Scientists solve millennia-old mystery about the argonaut octopus )〕 The concept has been invented and reinvented many times by humans to serve a variety of purposes.
In the nineteenth century, cargo boats returning from Europe to North America would carry quarried stone as ballast, contributing to the architectural heritage of some east coast cities (for example Montreal), where this stone was used in building.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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