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baluster
A baluster— also called spindle or stair stick—is a moulded shaft, square or of lathe-turned form, a form cut from a rectangular or square plank, one of various forms of spindle in woodwork, made of stone or wood and sometimes of metal,〔Cast-stone balusters were a development of the 18th century in Great Britain (see Coade stone), cast iron balusters a development largely of the 1840s.〕 standing on a unifying footing, and supporting the coping of a parapet or the handrail of a staircase.
Multiplied in this way, they form a balustrade.〔"A row of balusters surmounted by a rail or coping" 1644. ''OED''; (【引用サイトリンク】title=AskOxford )〕 Individually, a baluster shaft may describe the turned form taken by a brass or silver candlestick, an upright furniture support, or the stem of a brass chandelier, etc.
==Etymology==
According to ''OED'', "baluster" is derived through the (フランス語:balustre), from (イタリア語:balaustro), from ''balaustra'', "pomegranate flower" (a resemblance to the swelling form of the half-open flower (''illustration, below left'') ),〔The early sixteenth-century theoretical writer Diego da Sangredo (''Medidas del Romano'', 1526) detected this derivation, N. Llewellyn noted, in "Two notes on Diego da Sangredo: 2. The baluster and the pomegranate flower", in ''Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes'' 40 (1977:240-300); Paul Davies and David Hemsoll's detailed history, "Renaissance Balusters and the Antique", in ''Architectural History'' 26 (1983:1–23, 117–122) p.8 notes uses of the word in fifteenth-century documents and explores its connotations for sixteenth-century designers, pp 12ff.〕 from Latin ''balaustium'', from Greek ''balaustion''-''βαλαύστιον''.
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